Oleh Hasliza Hassan
hasliza@bharian.com.my
TIBA-TIBA perkataan Bone China yang menjadi pengenalan pinggan mangkuk mengandungi serbuk tulang binatang, terutama tulang babi menjadi perbualan umum apabila pengguna Islam kini ragu-ragu terhadap peralatan itu.
Kenyataan Persatuan Pengguna Pulau Pinang (CAP) supaya pengguna berhati-hati membeli pinggan mangkuk tertulis cap dagang itu, mengundang tindak balas yang mahu pihak berkuasa menangani isu dibangkitkan. Pegawai Penyelidik CAP, Hatijah Hashim, berkata orang ramai boleh mengenali perkakasan mengandungi tulang haiwan kerana kebanyakannya tercatat Bone China di belakangnya, iaitu istilah komersial pinggan mangkuk yang mengandungi tulang haiwan.
Katanya, perkakasan mengandungi tulang haiwan ditumbuk halus yang dicampurkan bahan asas untuk menjadikannya berkilat itu biasanya diimport dari Jepun dan United Kingdom (UK) dan harganya mencecah RM8,000 satu set.
Reaksi daripada pendedahan itu, orang ramai mula mengadu dan kenyataan menteri serta mufti mengharamkan penggunaannya, menambah lagi kebimbangan pengguna Islam.
Timbalan Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Dr Mashitah Ibrahim, berkata perkakasan itu diharamkan walaupun hanya menggunakan sedikit tulang babi, malah sehelai bulu babi pun dilarang.
Mufti Selangor, Datuk Mohd Tamyes Abd Wahab pula berkata, pinggan mangkuk yang mempunyai campuran tulang babi adalah najis dan hukumnya haram seperti menyentuh anjing dan babi.
Penasihat Majlis Agama Islam Johor, Datuk Noh Gadut, berkata peniaga Islam yang meneruskan jualan selepas terbukti produk itu mengandungi tulang babi juga berdosa. Persoalannya, mengapa pinggan mangkuk yang sudah lama di pasaran tiba-tiba mengundang resah dan perlukah orang Islam panik.
Pengarah Bahagian Hab Halal Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (Jakim), Zainal Abidin Jaffar, menasihatkan umat Islam lebih peka membeli produk meragukan terutama selepas diberitahu mengenai perkara itu.
Katanya, pengguna perlu ringan mulut bertanya serta menggunakan kuasa pembeli supaya mendapat produk bermutu dan pada masa sama tidak rugi selepas itu.
“Jika tidak yakin, tanya jurujual atau sebelum beli lihat keterangan bahan produk. Jangan beli membuta tuli, nampak cantik terus beli. Tambahan apabila sudah ada pendedahan mengenai produk yang mengandungi bahan haram,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, buat masa ini pihaknya belum menerima aduan mengenai penjualan pinggan mangkuk mengandungi tulang babi, tetapi jika pemilik barang itu ingin membuat pensahihan, boleh merujuk Unit Pemantauan dan Penguatkuasaan Bahagian Hab Halal Jakim.
Zainal berkata, tindakan hanya boleh diambil terhadap jurujual yang mendakwa pinggan mangkuk itu halal tetapi selepas diteliti, ternyata ia mengandungi tulang binatang yang haram.
Kata beliau, ada peminat barang yang berkualiti serta mempunyai kelebihan berbanding pinggan mangkuk porselin tanpa tulang binatang itu sudah mengetahui statusnya tetapi tetap mahu memilikinya.
“Sama juga dengan beg tangan dan kasut yang sudah diberitahu daripada kulit babi tetapi sebab minat serta hendak barang itu, mereka tetap membelinya,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, harga mahal boleh adalah cara pengguna meneliti produk kerana pasti ada keistimewaan menjadikan ia dijual dengan harga begitu tinggi. Ada juga pihak mahu Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan bertindak tegas menghalang penjualan produk itu atau menetapkan peniaga meletakkan label untuk pengetahuan pengguna.
Berbalik kepada bidang kuasa, tanggungjawab tetap terletak kepada pengguna kerana mereka ada pilihan untuk membeli atau tidak. Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan hanya boleh bertindak kepada isu membabitkan harga atau bekalan. Berdasarkan maklumat daripada laman web about.com, set Bone China sudah lama berada di pasaran dan ada yang dijadikan harta pusaka kerana kualiti serta harganya.
Pinggan mangkuk Bone China melalui beberapa peringkat proses pembuatan tetapi bahan yang membezakannya dengan pinggan mangkuk berkualiti halus lain ialah komponen serbuk tulang binatang yang dicampur ketika penghasilannya.
Walaupun barang Bone China nampak tahan lama, ia memerlukan penjagaan teliti dan tidak boleh dimasukkan ke dalam mesin pencuci atau ketuhar gelombang mikro.
Sumber:
http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Friday/Agama/20090723233840/Article/
Monday, 27 July 2009
Tuesday, 21 July 2009
Unraveling How Children Become Bilingual So Easily
By LAURAN NEERGAARD, AP Medical Writer Lauran Neergaard, Ap Medical Writer – Tue Jul 21, 3:08 am ET
WASHINGTON – The best time to learn a foreign language: Between birth and age 7. Missed that window?
New research is showing just how children's brains can become bilingual so easily, findings that scientists hope eventually could help the rest of us learn a new language a bit easier.
"We think the magic that kids apply to this learning situation, some of the principles, can be imported into learning programs for adults," says Dr. Patricia Kuhl of the University of Washington, who is part of an international team now trying to turn those lessons into more teachable technology.
Each language uses a unique set of sounds. Scientists now know babies are born with the ability to distinguish all of them, but that ability starts weakening even before they start talking, by the first birthday.
Kuhl offers an example: Japanese doesn't distinguish between the "L" and "R" sounds of English — "rake" and "lake" would sound the same. Her team proved that a 7-month-old in Tokyo and a 7-month-old in Seattle respond equally well to those different sounds. But by 11 months, the Japanese infant had lost a lot of that ability.
Time out — how do you test a baby? By tracking eye gaze. Make a fun toy appear on one side or the other whenever there's a particular sound. The baby quickly learns to look on that side whenever he or she hears a brand-new but similar sound. Noninvasive brain scans document how the brain is processing and imprinting language.
Mastering your dominant language gets in the way of learning a second, less familiar one, Kuhl's research suggests. The brain tunes out sounds that don't fit.
"You're building a brain architecture that's a perfect fit for Japanese or English or French," whatever is native, Kuhl explains — or, if you're a lucky baby, a brain with two sets of neural circuits dedicated to two languages.
It's remarkable that babies being raised bilingual — by simply speaking to them in two languages — can learn both in the time it takes most babies to learn one. On average, monolingual and bilingual babies start talking around age 1 and can say about 50 words by 18 months.
Italian researchers wondered why there wasn't a delay, and reported this month in the journal Science that being bilingual seems to make the brain more flexible.
The researchers tested 44 12-month-olds to see how they recognized three-syllable patterns — nonsense words, just to test sound learning. Sure enough, gaze-tracking showed the bilingual babies learned two kinds of patterns at the same time — like lo-ba-lo or lo-lo-ba — while the one-language babies learned only one, concluded Agnes Melinda Kovacs of Italy's International School for Advanced Studies.
While new language learning is easiest by age 7, the ability markedly declines after puberty.
"We're seeing the brain as more plastic and ready to create new circuits before than after puberty," Kuhl says. As an adult, "it's a totally different process. You won't learn it in the same way. You won't become (as good as) a native speaker."
Yet a soon-to-be-released survey from the Center for Applied Linguistics, a nonprofit organization that researches language issues, shows U.S. elementary schools cut back on foreign language instruction over the last decade. About a quarter of public elementary schools were teaching foreign languages in 1997, but just 15 percent last year, say preliminary results posted on the center's Web site.
What might help people who missed their childhood window? Baby brains need personal interaction to soak in a new language — TV or CDs alone don't work. So researchers are improving the technology that adults tend to use for language learning, to make it more social and possibly tap brain circuitry that tots would use.
Recall that Japanese "L" and "R" difficulty? Kuhl and scientists at Tokyo Denki University and the University of Minnesota helped develop a computer language program that pictures people speaking in "motherese," the slow exaggeration of sounds that parents use with babies.
Japanese college students who'd had little exposure to spoken English underwent 12 sessions listening to exaggerated "Ls" and "Rs" while watching the computerized instructor's face pronounce English words. Brain scans — a hair dryer-looking device called MEG, for magnetoencephalography — that measure millisecond-by-millisecond activity showed the students could better distinguish between those alien English sounds. And they pronounced them better, too, the team reported in the journal NeuroImage.
"It's our very first, preliminary crude attempt but the gains were phenomenal," says Kuhl.
But she'd rather see parents follow biology and expose youngsters early. If you speak a second language, speak it at home. Or find a play group or caregiver where your child can hear another language regularly.
"You'll be surprised," Kuhl says. "They do seem to pick it up like sponges."
___
EDITOR's NOTE — Lauran Neergaard covers health and medical issues for The Associated Press in Washington.
Source:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/us_med_healthbeat_bilingual_tots
WASHINGTON – The best time to learn a foreign language: Between birth and age 7. Missed that window?
New research is showing just how children's brains can become bilingual so easily, findings that scientists hope eventually could help the rest of us learn a new language a bit easier.
"We think the magic that kids apply to this learning situation, some of the principles, can be imported into learning programs for adults," says Dr. Patricia Kuhl of the University of Washington, who is part of an international team now trying to turn those lessons into more teachable technology.
Each language uses a unique set of sounds. Scientists now know babies are born with the ability to distinguish all of them, but that ability starts weakening even before they start talking, by the first birthday.
Kuhl offers an example: Japanese doesn't distinguish between the "L" and "R" sounds of English — "rake" and "lake" would sound the same. Her team proved that a 7-month-old in Tokyo and a 7-month-old in Seattle respond equally well to those different sounds. But by 11 months, the Japanese infant had lost a lot of that ability.
Time out — how do you test a baby? By tracking eye gaze. Make a fun toy appear on one side or the other whenever there's a particular sound. The baby quickly learns to look on that side whenever he or she hears a brand-new but similar sound. Noninvasive brain scans document how the brain is processing and imprinting language.
Mastering your dominant language gets in the way of learning a second, less familiar one, Kuhl's research suggests. The brain tunes out sounds that don't fit.
"You're building a brain architecture that's a perfect fit for Japanese or English or French," whatever is native, Kuhl explains — or, if you're a lucky baby, a brain with two sets of neural circuits dedicated to two languages.
It's remarkable that babies being raised bilingual — by simply speaking to them in two languages — can learn both in the time it takes most babies to learn one. On average, monolingual and bilingual babies start talking around age 1 and can say about 50 words by 18 months.
Italian researchers wondered why there wasn't a delay, and reported this month in the journal Science that being bilingual seems to make the brain more flexible.
The researchers tested 44 12-month-olds to see how they recognized three-syllable patterns — nonsense words, just to test sound learning. Sure enough, gaze-tracking showed the bilingual babies learned two kinds of patterns at the same time — like lo-ba-lo or lo-lo-ba — while the one-language babies learned only one, concluded Agnes Melinda Kovacs of Italy's International School for Advanced Studies.
While new language learning is easiest by age 7, the ability markedly declines after puberty.
"We're seeing the brain as more plastic and ready to create new circuits before than after puberty," Kuhl says. As an adult, "it's a totally different process. You won't learn it in the same way. You won't become (as good as) a native speaker."
Yet a soon-to-be-released survey from the Center for Applied Linguistics, a nonprofit organization that researches language issues, shows U.S. elementary schools cut back on foreign language instruction over the last decade. About a quarter of public elementary schools were teaching foreign languages in 1997, but just 15 percent last year, say preliminary results posted on the center's Web site.
What might help people who missed their childhood window? Baby brains need personal interaction to soak in a new language — TV or CDs alone don't work. So researchers are improving the technology that adults tend to use for language learning, to make it more social and possibly tap brain circuitry that tots would use.
Recall that Japanese "L" and "R" difficulty? Kuhl and scientists at Tokyo Denki University and the University of Minnesota helped develop a computer language program that pictures people speaking in "motherese," the slow exaggeration of sounds that parents use with babies.
Japanese college students who'd had little exposure to spoken English underwent 12 sessions listening to exaggerated "Ls" and "Rs" while watching the computerized instructor's face pronounce English words. Brain scans — a hair dryer-looking device called MEG, for magnetoencephalography — that measure millisecond-by-millisecond activity showed the students could better distinguish between those alien English sounds. And they pronounced them better, too, the team reported in the journal NeuroImage.
"It's our very first, preliminary crude attempt but the gains were phenomenal," says Kuhl.
But she'd rather see parents follow biology and expose youngsters early. If you speak a second language, speak it at home. Or find a play group or caregiver where your child can hear another language regularly.
"You'll be surprised," Kuhl says. "They do seem to pick it up like sponges."
___
EDITOR's NOTE — Lauran Neergaard covers health and medical issues for The Associated Press in Washington.
Source:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/us_med_healthbeat_bilingual_tots
Monday, 8 June 2009
7 Ways to Be a Dolt About Credit
Source:
Sheyna Steiner
Thursday, June 4, 2009
http://finance.yahoo.com/banking-budgeting/article/107154/7-ways-to-be-a-dolt-about-credit?mod=bb-creditcards
Sheyna Steiner
Thursday, June 4, 2009
http://finance.yahoo.com/banking-budgeting/article/107154/7-ways-to-be-a-dolt-about-credit?mod=bb-creditcards
Thursday, 21 May 2009
Email From Nikhil - NortonLive Spyware & Virus Removal Specialist
from Nikhil hide details 19 May (2 days ago)
to idris74@gmail.com
date 19 May 2009 02:12
subject NortonLive - Spyware & virus removal services <493002815>
mailed-by services01.norton.com
IDRIS AHMAD,
This is Nikhil from NortonLive. It has been my pleasure to work with you on your services request. Based on our conversation, your case, Priority ID 493002815 , has been resolved and I have closed the case.
If you feel that the issue is not resolved, you can re-open your services request. To do so, please click here or send email to and provide a brief explanation of your concern. We will contact you within 24 hours and provide further assistance.
Providing our customers with the highest level of service is important to us. You will receive a customer satisfaction survey once this case is closed. We encourage your feedback on this survey to help us continue to improve our services. You can also contact my manager at symantecmanagers@services01.norton.com to provide your feedback for this call.
Thank you for using NortonLive.
Nikhil
NortonLive Spyware & Virus Removal Specialist
Note: If you have any future Virus or Spyware problems, please contact NortonLive by clicking the 'Start Chat' button on the following web page:
http://www.symantec.com/norton/support/premium_services/premium_virus.jsp
to idris74@gmail.com
date 19 May 2009 02:12
subject NortonLive - Spyware & virus removal services <493002815>
mailed-by services01.norton.com
IDRIS AHMAD,
This is Nikhil from NortonLive. It has been my pleasure to work with you on your services request. Based on our conversation, your case, Priority ID 493002815 , has been resolved and I have closed the case.
If you feel that the issue is not resolved, you can re-open your services request. To do so, please click here or send email to
Providing our customers with the highest level of service is important to us. You will receive a customer satisfaction survey once this case is closed. We encourage your feedback on this survey to help us continue to improve our services. You can also contact my manager at symantecmanagers@services01.norton.com to provide your feedback for this call.
Thank you for using NortonLive.
Nikhil
NortonLive Spyware & Virus Removal Specialist
Note: If you have any future Virus or Spyware problems, please contact NortonLive by clicking the 'Start Chat' button on the following web page:
http://www.symantec.com/norton/support/premium_services/premium_virus.jsp
Virus-Virus Yang Beranak Dalam MyPC
1. Spyware C:/windows/system32/iesetup.dll Spyware.IEMonster.d Steals passwords from Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Outlook and other programs.
2. Adware autorun Zlob.PornAdvertiser.ba Adware that displays pop-up/pop-under advertisements of pornographic or online gambling Web sites.
3. Spyware autorun Spyware.IMMonitor Program that can be used to monitor and record conversations in popular instant messaging applications.
4. Backdoor C:/windows/system32/svchost.exe Win32.Rbot.fm An IRC controlled backdoor that can be used to gain unauthorized access to a victim's machine.
5. Trojan autorun Infostealer.Banker.E Steals sensitive information from the infected computer (e.g. logins and passwords from online banking sessions).
6. Dialer C:/windows/system32/cmdial32.dll Dialer.Xpehbam.biz_dialer A Dialer that loads pornographic material. The url information shows Hardcore Pornographic pages.
7. Spyware autorun Spyware.KnownBadSites Uses the Windows hosts file to redirect your browser to a malicious site when you try to access a valid site.
8. Trojan autorun Trojan.Tooso Trojan.Tooso is a trojan which attempts to terminate and delete security related applications.
9. Trojan C:/windows/system32/explorer.exe Trojan.MailGrabber.s Trojan horse that gets access to e-mail accounts on the infected computer.
10. Trojan C:/windows/system32/alg.exe Trojan.Alg.t Trojan program that can compromise your private information stored on the hard drive.
11. Rogue C:/Program Files/TrustedAntivirus TrustedAntivirus A corrupt and misleading anti-virus program that may be usually installed with the help of malcous Trojans and other malware
12. Rogue C:/Program Files/SecurePCCleaner SecurePCCleaner Rogue Security Software: fake Security software that uses deceptive means for installation and purpose.
13. Trojan C:/windows/system32/ Trojan.BAT.Adduser.t This Trojan has a malicious payload. It is a BAT file. It is 1129 bytes in size.
14. Spyware C:/windows/system32/ Spyware.007SpySoftware Program designed to monitor user activity. May be used with or without consent.
15. Trojan C:/windows/hidden/ Trojan.Clicker.EC Trojan.Clicker.EC is an information stealing Trojan that masquerades as a legitimate system file so as to avoid detection and subsequent removal.
16. Dialer C:/windows/hidden/ Dialer.Trafficjam.a Dialer.Trafficjam.a is a premium-rate phone dialer that automatically invokes paid access to various porn-related Web sites.
17. Trojan hidden autorun Trojan.Poison.J Trojan.Poison.J is a key-logging Trojan for the Windows platform.
18. Adware Registry Adware.eXact.BargainBuddy A browser helper object that monitors internet browsing sessions in an attempt to redirect search queries and distribute unsolicited advertisements.
19. Worm C:/windows/system32/ Win32.Delbot.AI Win32.Delbot.AI is a worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide remote access to the host PC.
20. Worm C:/windows/temp/ Win32.Sdbot.ADN A worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide unmitigated remote access to the host machine.
21. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Dropper.Win32.Agent.bot This Trojan is designed to install and launch other malicious programs on the victim machine without the knowledge or consent of the user.
22. Worm C:/windows/temp/ Win32.Rbot.CBX A worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide unmitigated remote access to the host machine.
23. Spyware autorun Win32.PerFiler Win32.PerFiler is designed to retrieve and install files when executed. Win32.PerFiler is configured to download from either a designated web or FTP site.
24. Worm hidden autorun Win32.Miewer.a A Trojan Downloader that masquerades as a legitimate system file. Associated processes connect to the Internet to download additional malicious files.
25. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Downloader.VBS.Small.dc This Trojan downloads other files via the FTP protocol and launches them for execution on the victim machine without the user’s knowledge.
26. Worm autorun Win32.Peacomm.dam A Trojan Downloader that is spread as an attachment to emails with news headlines as the subject lines which downloads additional security threats.
27. Trojan C:/windows/system/drivers/ Win32.Spamta.KG.worm A multi-component mass-mailing worm that downloads and executes files from the Internet.
28. Trojan C:/windows/system/drivers/etc/ Trojan.IRCBot.d A worm that opens an IRC back door on the infected host. It spreads by exploiting the Windows Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability.
29. Trojan C:/windows/system/mui/ Trojan.Dropper.MSWord.j A Microsoft Word macro virus that drops a trojan onto the infected host.
30. Trojan C:/windows/system/mui/ Win32.Clagger.C This is small Trojan downloader that downloads files and lowers security settings. It is spreading as an email attachment.
31. Worm C:/windows/system/ Worm.Bagle.CP This is a "Bagle" mass-mailer which demonstrates typical "Bagle" behavior.
32. Worm C:/windows/ Win32.BlackMail.xx This dangerous worm will destroy certain data files on an infected user's machine on February 3, 2008.
33. Trojan hidden autorun Trojan.Win32.Agent.ado Trojan downloader that is spread as an attachment to a spam email and tries to download a password stealer.
34. Trojan autorun Win32.Outsbot.u A backdoor Trojan that is remotely controlled via Internet Relay Chat (IRC). It exploits Sony Digital Rights Management (DRM) software to hide its presence.
35. Spyware autorun Win32.PerFiler Win32.PerFiler is designed to retrieve and install files when executed. Win32.PerFiler is configured to download from either a designated web or FTP site.
36. Worm hidden autorun Win32.Miewer.a A Trojan Downloader that masquerades as a legitimate system file.
37. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Downloader.VBS.Small.dc This Trojan downloads other files via the FTP protocol and launches them for execution on the victim machine without the user’s knowledge.
38. Worm autorun Win32.Peacomm.dam A Trojan Downloader that is spread as an attachment to emails with news headlines as the subject lines which downloads additional security threats.
Source:
Nikhil
NortonLive Spyware & Virus Removal Specialist
2. Adware autorun Zlob.PornAdvertiser.ba Adware that displays pop-up/pop-under advertisements of pornographic or online gambling Web sites.
3. Spyware autorun Spyware.IMMonitor Program that can be used to monitor and record conversations in popular instant messaging applications.
4. Backdoor C:/windows/system32/svchost.exe Win32.Rbot.fm An IRC controlled backdoor that can be used to gain unauthorized access to a victim's machine.
5. Trojan autorun Infostealer.Banker.E Steals sensitive information from the infected computer (e.g. logins and passwords from online banking sessions).
6. Dialer C:/windows/system32/cmdial32.dll Dialer.Xpehbam.biz_dialer A Dialer that loads pornographic material. The url information shows Hardcore Pornographic pages.
7. Spyware autorun Spyware.KnownBadSites Uses the Windows hosts file to redirect your browser to a malicious site when you try to access a valid site.
8. Trojan autorun Trojan.Tooso Trojan.Tooso is a trojan which attempts to terminate and delete security related applications.
9. Trojan C:/windows/system32/explorer.exe Trojan.MailGrabber.s Trojan horse that gets access to e-mail accounts on the infected computer.
10. Trojan C:/windows/system32/alg.exe Trojan.Alg.t Trojan program that can compromise your private information stored on the hard drive.
11. Rogue C:/Program Files/TrustedAntivirus TrustedAntivirus A corrupt and misleading anti-virus program that may be usually installed with the help of malcous Trojans and other malware
12. Rogue C:/Program Files/SecurePCCleaner SecurePCCleaner Rogue Security Software: fake Security software that uses deceptive means for installation and purpose.
13. Trojan C:/windows/system32/ Trojan.BAT.Adduser.t This Trojan has a malicious payload. It is a BAT file. It is 1129 bytes in size.
14. Spyware C:/windows/system32/ Spyware.007SpySoftware Program designed to monitor user activity. May be used with or without consent.
15. Trojan C:/windows/hidden/ Trojan.Clicker.EC Trojan.Clicker.EC is an information stealing Trojan that masquerades as a legitimate system file so as to avoid detection and subsequent removal.
16. Dialer C:/windows/hidden/ Dialer.Trafficjam.a Dialer.Trafficjam.a is a premium-rate phone dialer that automatically invokes paid access to various porn-related Web sites.
17. Trojan hidden autorun Trojan.Poison.J Trojan.Poison.J is a key-logging Trojan for the Windows platform.
18. Adware Registry Adware.eXact.BargainBuddy A browser helper object that monitors internet browsing sessions in an attempt to redirect search queries and distribute unsolicited advertisements.
19. Worm C:/windows/system32/ Win32.Delbot.AI Win32.Delbot.AI is a worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide remote access to the host PC.
20. Worm C:/windows/temp/ Win32.Sdbot.ADN A worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide unmitigated remote access to the host machine.
21. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Dropper.Win32.Agent.bot This Trojan is designed to install and launch other malicious programs on the victim machine without the knowledge or consent of the user.
22. Worm C:/windows/temp/ Win32.Rbot.CBX A worm and IRC backdoor that exploits system and software vulnerabilities in order to provide unmitigated remote access to the host machine.
23. Spyware autorun Win32.PerFiler Win32.PerFiler is designed to retrieve and install files when executed. Win32.PerFiler is configured to download from either a designated web or FTP site.
24. Worm hidden autorun Win32.Miewer.a A Trojan Downloader that masquerades as a legitimate system file. Associated processes connect to the Internet to download additional malicious files.
25. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Downloader.VBS.Small.dc This Trojan downloads other files via the FTP protocol and launches them for execution on the victim machine without the user’s knowledge.
26. Worm autorun Win32.Peacomm.dam A Trojan Downloader that is spread as an attachment to emails with news headlines as the subject lines which downloads additional security threats.
27. Trojan C:/windows/system/drivers/ Win32.Spamta.KG.worm A multi-component mass-mailing worm that downloads and executes files from the Internet.
28. Trojan C:/windows/system/drivers/etc/ Trojan.IRCBot.d A worm that opens an IRC back door on the infected host. It spreads by exploiting the Windows Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability.
29. Trojan C:/windows/system/mui/ Trojan.Dropper.MSWord.j A Microsoft Word macro virus that drops a trojan onto the infected host.
30. Trojan C:/windows/system/mui/ Win32.Clagger.C This is small Trojan downloader that downloads files and lowers security settings. It is spreading as an email attachment.
31. Worm C:/windows/system/ Worm.Bagle.CP This is a "Bagle" mass-mailer which demonstrates typical "Bagle" behavior.
32. Worm C:/windows/ Win32.BlackMail.xx This dangerous worm will destroy certain data files on an infected user's machine on February 3, 2008.
33. Trojan hidden autorun Trojan.Win32.Agent.ado Trojan downloader that is spread as an attachment to a spam email and tries to download a password stealer.
34. Trojan autorun Win32.Outsbot.u A backdoor Trojan that is remotely controlled via Internet Relay Chat (IRC). It exploits Sony Digital Rights Management (DRM) software to hide its presence.
35. Spyware autorun Win32.PerFiler Win32.PerFiler is designed to retrieve and install files when executed. Win32.PerFiler is configured to download from either a designated web or FTP site.
36. Worm hidden autorun Win32.Miewer.a A Trojan Downloader that masquerades as a legitimate system file.
37. Trojan C:/windows/ Trojan-Downloader.VBS.Small.dc This Trojan downloads other files via the FTP protocol and launches them for execution on the victim machine without the user’s knowledge.
38. Worm autorun Win32.Peacomm.dam A Trojan Downloader that is spread as an attachment to emails with news headlines as the subject lines which downloads additional security threats.
Source:
Nikhil
NortonLive Spyware & Virus Removal Specialist
Tuesday, 19 May 2009
Tips Supaya PC Tak Kena Attack Oleh Virus
Please visit these web pages for tips that can help you avoid further infections on your computer:
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/secureemail.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/browsewebsafely.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/safeguardim.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/filesharingprotection.jsp
Do not leave a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive when you shut down or restart the computer.
Be suspicious of email attachments from unknown sources.
Verify that attachments have been sent by the author of the email. Newer viruses can send email messages that appear to be from people you know.
Do not set your email program to "auto-run" attachments.
Obtain all Microsoft security updates.
Back up your data frequently. Keep the write-protected media in a safe place—preferably in a different location than your computer.
Trust only alerts from Norton if it says that your system is infected
If a pop up window opens up, always close it by clicking on the cross mark on the top right corner. Do not use other ways, such as clicking on buttons like 'Cancel' to close the popup.
Always read the License Agreement carefully before installing any software from the internet. Usually free software’s or sharewares are associated with viruses. These software’s appear to be legitimate, but infact they are related to viruses/spywares. Typical examples are 'Winfixer', 'WinAntivirus', 'Error safe', 'Drivecleaner' etc.
Do not open any e-mail that seems suspicious
Always keep your antivirus & windows up to date by downloading the latest updates
Use Norton Internet Security to proactively protect from spyware and other security risks.
Configure the firewall in Norton Internet Security to block unsolicited requests for outbound communication.
Do not accept or open suspicious error dialogs from within the browser
Spyware may come as part of a "free deal" offer - do not accept free deals
Always read carefully the End User License agreement at Install time and cancel if other “programs” are being installed as part of the desired program
Keep software and security patches up to date
Use common sense. It's always better to err on the side of safety. If you're unsure about an attachment, delete it. Especially if it's from a source you don't recognize. If there are tempting animations on a site that look highly unprofessional, don't download them.
Scan files for viruses before using them. This is always important, but especially if you are using a disc or flash memory to carry information between one computer and another. You could easily pick up a virus from a corrupted file and introduce it into your system. Running a virus scan before launching any of new files will prevent infection.
Don't share data CDs. Even a well-meaning friend may unknowingly pass along a virus, Trojan horse, or worm. Label your discs clearly so you know they're yours and don't loan them out. If a friend passes you a foreign disc, suggest an alternative method of file sharing.
Don't boot from an unknown data CD. Data CDs are one of the most common ways viruses are transmitted. If you are using a data CD while working on your computer, remove it when you shut the machine off or the computer may automatically try to boot from the disc, perhaps launching or installing bad programs or files on your computer.
Don't download programs from the Web. Unreliable sources such as Internet newsgroups or Web sites that you haven't heard of may be willing providers of viruses for your computer. Avoid downloading files you can't be sure are safe. This includes freeware, screensavers, games, and any other executable program—any files with an ".exe" or "".com" extension, such as "coolgame.exe." Check to see if the site has anti-virus software running on their side. If you do have to download from the Internet, be sure to scan each program before running it. Save all downloads to one folder, then run virus checks on everything in the folder before using it.
Update your anti-virus software frequently. An anti-virus program is only as good as the frequency with which it is updated. New viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are born daily, and variations of them can slip by software that is not current. Norton Antivirus has a feature that searches for new virus definitions every time you go online, so you are always up to date.
Get immediate protection. Configure your anti-virus software to boot automatically on start-up and run at all times. This will provide you back-up protection in case you forget to scan an attachment, or decide not to. And in case you forget to boot up your anti-virus software, configuring it to start by itself will ensure you get immediate protection anyway.
Scan all incoming email attachments. Be sure to run each attachment you plan to open through the anti-virus check. Do this even if you recognize and trust the sender; malicious code, like Trojan horses, can slip into your system by appearing to be from a friendly source.
Don't automatically open attachments. Be sure your email program doesn't automatically download attachments. This will ensure that you can examine and scan attachments before they run. Refer to your email program's safety options or preferences menu for instructions.
Install reliable anti-virus software. Anti-virus software scans files regularly for unusual changes in file size, programs that match the software's database of known viruses, suspicious email attachments, and other warning signs. It's the most important step you can take towards keeping your computer clean of viruses. Norton AntiVirus is the world's leading anti-virus software. It runs continuously in the background of your computer, providing constant protection from viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and other malicious code. To stay up-to-date on the latest online threats, Norton AntiVirus automatically updates its virus definitions whenever you're online.
Avoid clicking on any Advertisement Popups on the Internet. They are mostly related to Adware & Spware. Trust only alerts from Norton if it says that your system is infected If a pop up window opens up, always close it by clicking on the cross mark on the top right corner. Do not use other ways, such as clicking on buttons like 'Cancel' to close the popup. Always read the License Agreement carefully before installing any software from the internet. Usually free softwares or sharewares are associated with viruses. These softwares appear to be legitimate, but in fact they are related to viruses/spywares. Typical examples are 'Winfixer', 'WinAntivirus' etc. Do not open any e-mail that seems suspicious. Always keep your antivirus & windows up to date by downloading the latest updates.
Keep your system up to date with Microsoft Windows Update to protect your system from viruses and worms that attack known Windows security vulnerabilities. Install Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware software and keep the virus and Spyware definition files current. Install a hardware or software Firewall to help block unwanted access to your system. Microsoft Windows XP comes with a built-in software Firewall which you can enable. Protect your system against unwanted pop-ups by using Windows XP SP2 featuring Pop-Up Blocker for Internet Explorer. Practice safe computing habits on the web. Read any Pop-up messaging, advertisements, and End User License Agreements (EULA) carefully. Never give out personal information (including e-mail addresses) unless it is required to obtain service or a product from legitimate companies.
Avoid clicking on any links that you are not sure who the sender is and/or if you are not sure where the links may send take you to. This applies to all links including links sent in an e-mail, Instant Messaging (IM), Chat services, unfamiliar web pages, etc. Do not open e-mails with questionable or unexpected subject lines. Strange subject lines usually indicate something suspicious, such as a virus. They use clever titles to mass market their destructive viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. Delete suspicious e-mails immediately, and be sure to delete chain e-mails and junk e-mail (known as Spam) as well. Use hard to guess passwords. Password protecting your computer is the simplest and most common way to ensure that only those with permission can use your computer or certain parts of your computer network. Just be sure to choose a hard-to-guess password.
Make passwords as meaningless as possible. Change passwords regularly. Never divulge passwords to anyone. Never share files with strangers (doing so opens your computer up to potential hacker attacks). Beware of Hoaxes. Virus Hoaxes are false announcements about viruses. Virus Hoaxes occasionally obtain instructions for "cleaning" or deleting a virus from a computer, but the instructions may involve deleting essential Windows files, and have nothing to do with viruses at all. I hope these guidelines would be helpful for you.
Source: www.symantec.com
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/secureemail.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/browsewebsafely.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/safeguardim.jsp
http://www.symantec.com/home_homeoffice/security_response/filesharingprotection.jsp
Do not leave a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive when you shut down or restart the computer.
Be suspicious of email attachments from unknown sources.
Verify that attachments have been sent by the author of the email. Newer viruses can send email messages that appear to be from people you know.
Do not set your email program to "auto-run" attachments.
Obtain all Microsoft security updates.
Back up your data frequently. Keep the write-protected media in a safe place—preferably in a different location than your computer.
Trust only alerts from Norton if it says that your system is infected
If a pop up window opens up, always close it by clicking on the cross mark on the top right corner. Do not use other ways, such as clicking on buttons like 'Cancel' to close the popup.
Always read the License Agreement carefully before installing any software from the internet. Usually free software’s or sharewares are associated with viruses. These software’s appear to be legitimate, but infact they are related to viruses/spywares. Typical examples are 'Winfixer', 'WinAntivirus', 'Error safe', 'Drivecleaner' etc.
Do not open any e-mail that seems suspicious
Always keep your antivirus & windows up to date by downloading the latest updates
Use Norton Internet Security to proactively protect from spyware and other security risks.
Configure the firewall in Norton Internet Security to block unsolicited requests for outbound communication.
Do not accept or open suspicious error dialogs from within the browser
Spyware may come as part of a "free deal" offer - do not accept free deals
Always read carefully the End User License agreement at Install time and cancel if other “programs” are being installed as part of the desired program
Keep software and security patches up to date
Use common sense. It's always better to err on the side of safety. If you're unsure about an attachment, delete it. Especially if it's from a source you don't recognize. If there are tempting animations on a site that look highly unprofessional, don't download them.
Scan files for viruses before using them. This is always important, but especially if you are using a disc or flash memory to carry information between one computer and another. You could easily pick up a virus from a corrupted file and introduce it into your system. Running a virus scan before launching any of new files will prevent infection.
Don't share data CDs. Even a well-meaning friend may unknowingly pass along a virus, Trojan horse, or worm. Label your discs clearly so you know they're yours and don't loan them out. If a friend passes you a foreign disc, suggest an alternative method of file sharing.
Don't boot from an unknown data CD. Data CDs are one of the most common ways viruses are transmitted. If you are using a data CD while working on your computer, remove it when you shut the machine off or the computer may automatically try to boot from the disc, perhaps launching or installing bad programs or files on your computer.
Don't download programs from the Web. Unreliable sources such as Internet newsgroups or Web sites that you haven't heard of may be willing providers of viruses for your computer. Avoid downloading files you can't be sure are safe. This includes freeware, screensavers, games, and any other executable program—any files with an ".exe" or "".com" extension, such as "coolgame.exe." Check to see if the site has anti-virus software running on their side. If you do have to download from the Internet, be sure to scan each program before running it. Save all downloads to one folder, then run virus checks on everything in the folder before using it.
Update your anti-virus software frequently. An anti-virus program is only as good as the frequency with which it is updated. New viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are born daily, and variations of them can slip by software that is not current. Norton Antivirus has a feature that searches for new virus definitions every time you go online, so you are always up to date.
Get immediate protection. Configure your anti-virus software to boot automatically on start-up and run at all times. This will provide you back-up protection in case you forget to scan an attachment, or decide not to. And in case you forget to boot up your anti-virus software, configuring it to start by itself will ensure you get immediate protection anyway.
Scan all incoming email attachments. Be sure to run each attachment you plan to open through the anti-virus check. Do this even if you recognize and trust the sender; malicious code, like Trojan horses, can slip into your system by appearing to be from a friendly source.
Don't automatically open attachments. Be sure your email program doesn't automatically download attachments. This will ensure that you can examine and scan attachments before they run. Refer to your email program's safety options or preferences menu for instructions.
Install reliable anti-virus software. Anti-virus software scans files regularly for unusual changes in file size, programs that match the software's database of known viruses, suspicious email attachments, and other warning signs. It's the most important step you can take towards keeping your computer clean of viruses. Norton AntiVirus is the world's leading anti-virus software. It runs continuously in the background of your computer, providing constant protection from viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and other malicious code. To stay up-to-date on the latest online threats, Norton AntiVirus automatically updates its virus definitions whenever you're online.
Avoid clicking on any Advertisement Popups on the Internet. They are mostly related to Adware & Spware. Trust only alerts from Norton if it says that your system is infected If a pop up window opens up, always close it by clicking on the cross mark on the top right corner. Do not use other ways, such as clicking on buttons like 'Cancel' to close the popup. Always read the License Agreement carefully before installing any software from the internet. Usually free softwares or sharewares are associated with viruses. These softwares appear to be legitimate, but in fact they are related to viruses/spywares. Typical examples are 'Winfixer', 'WinAntivirus' etc. Do not open any e-mail that seems suspicious. Always keep your antivirus & windows up to date by downloading the latest updates.
Keep your system up to date with Microsoft Windows Update to protect your system from viruses and worms that attack known Windows security vulnerabilities. Install Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware software and keep the virus and Spyware definition files current. Install a hardware or software Firewall to help block unwanted access to your system. Microsoft Windows XP comes with a built-in software Firewall which you can enable. Protect your system against unwanted pop-ups by using Windows XP SP2 featuring Pop-Up Blocker for Internet Explorer. Practice safe computing habits on the web. Read any Pop-up messaging, advertisements, and End User License Agreements (EULA) carefully. Never give out personal information (including e-mail addresses) unless it is required to obtain service or a product from legitimate companies.
Avoid clicking on any links that you are not sure who the sender is and/or if you are not sure where the links may send take you to. This applies to all links including links sent in an e-mail, Instant Messaging (IM), Chat services, unfamiliar web pages, etc. Do not open e-mails with questionable or unexpected subject lines. Strange subject lines usually indicate something suspicious, such as a virus. They use clever titles to mass market their destructive viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. Delete suspicious e-mails immediately, and be sure to delete chain e-mails and junk e-mail (known as Spam) as well. Use hard to guess passwords. Password protecting your computer is the simplest and most common way to ensure that only those with permission can use your computer or certain parts of your computer network. Just be sure to choose a hard-to-guess password.
Make passwords as meaningless as possible. Change passwords regularly. Never divulge passwords to anyone. Never share files with strangers (doing so opens your computer up to potential hacker attacks). Beware of Hoaxes. Virus Hoaxes are false announcements about viruses. Virus Hoaxes occasionally obtain instructions for "cleaning" or deleting a virus from a computer, but the instructions may involve deleting essential Windows files, and have nothing to do with viruses at all. I hope these guidelines would be helpful for you.
Source: www.symantec.com
Tuesday, 12 May 2009
Tujuh Kesalahan Dalam Menggunakan Kad Kredit
1 : Tidak melunasi seluruh bil kad kredit
2 : Menganggap kad kredit sebagai kad debit (ATM)
3 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang
4 : Tiada disiplin mengawal penggunaan kad Kredit dan bilnya
5 : Memiliki terlalu banyak kad Kredit
6 : Menganggap kad Kredit sebagai ‘Wang Tambahan’
7 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk SEMUA belanja dan pembayaran
1 : Tidak melunasi seluruh tagihan kad kredit
Ini boleh dikatakan merupakan penyebab utama mengapa banyak orang yang terjerat dalam hutang kad kredit. Tidak sedikit orang yang hanya membayar sejumlah “pembayaran minimum”. Ketika anda melakukan ini, maka baki hutang yang tersisa akan terkena bunga yang sangat tinggi. Ketika anda melakukan kesalahan ini, maka ibaratnya anda sudah mengambil langkah pertama untuk masuk ke dalam jeratan hutang kad kredit. Lunasi seluruh tagihan kad kredit anda!!!
2 : Menganggap kad kredit sebagai kad debit (ATM)
Ini merupakan salah satu kesalahan yang paling fatal dalam menggunakan kad kredit. kad Kredit bukanlah kad Debit (ATM). Hindari menarik wang cash dengan menggunakan kad kredit karena ini akan dikenakan bunga dan biaya tarik tunai yang sangat tinggi (bahkan lebih tinggi daripada angka yang saya tuliskan di kesalahan no 1).
3 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang
Kad kredit termasuk ke dalam jenis hutang “Unsecured Debt”. Hutang semacam ini dikenakan bunga yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu hutang semacam ini tidak tepat dipakai untuk modal bisnis karena akan sangat membebani kedudukan kewangan bisnis anda.
Kesalahan lainnya yang tergolong ’serupa’ adalah menggunakan kad kredit untuk menutup ataupun membayar hutang “Secured Debt”/hutang yang menggunakan jaminan. Hutang yang menggunakan jaminan, bunganya secara umum lebih ringan. Oleh sebab itu jika anda menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang ini, berarti anda malah ‘menukar’ hutang yang bunganya lebih ringan dengan hutang yang bunganya lebih berat. Salah satu ‘malapetaka’ terbesar dalam menggunakan kad kredit terjadi ketika kesalahan no.2 dan kesalahan no.3 ‘dikombinasikan’. Contoh paling umum ‘malapetaka’ seperti ini adalah ketika pemegang kad kredit mengambil wang tunai dengan kad kredit yang satu untuk membayar tagihan kad kredit yang lain.
4 : Tiada disiplin mengawal penggunaan kad Kredit dan tagihannya
Tentukan batas maksimum yang boleh anda ‘gesek’ setiap bulannya. Kawal dan catat setiap pemakaian kad kredit anda setiap hari. Ketika jumlah pemakaian tersebut sudah mendekati batas maksimum yang anda tentukan. Masih terkait dengan kesalahan no 4 ini, adalah tiada disiplin dalam pembayaran kad kreditnya. Jangan menunggu hingga hari batas terakhir untuk melunasi kad kredit anda, karena jika di hari tersebut anda sibuk/lupa/ada urusan mendadak, maka mungkin bilk ad kredit tidak terbayar.
5 : Terlalu banyak memiliki kad Kredit
Semakin banyak kad Kredit yang anda miliki, semakin sulit bagi anda untuk mengontrol pengeluaran masing-masing kad kredit. Dalam pelunasan kad kredit pun anda akan lebih direpotkan karena perlu mengingat tanggal pelunasan masing-masing kad agar tidak terlambat bayar. Beberapa financial planner menyarankan untuk memiliki kad Kredit maksimal 3 saja. Kalau lebih dari itu, mungkin mulai bisa mempertimbangkan untuk menggunting sisanya.
6 : Menganggap kad Kredit sebagai ‘Wang Tambahan’
Meskipun kedengarannya sulit dipercaya, tetapi tidak sedikit orang yang menganggap kad Kredit sebagai wang Tambahan. Ketika permohonan kad kreditnya disetujui, mereka pun kegirangan seperti mendapatkan ‘durian runtuh’. Seringkali ini lalu berujung dengan ‘pesta belanja’ menggunakan kad kredit baru tersebut. Memiliki kad kredit bukanlah berarti bahwa anda mempunyai lebih banyak wang untuk dibelanjakan. Kad kredit 'malapetaka’ jika anda tidak bijak dalam menggunakannya, ingatlah bahwa kad kredit hanyalah merupakan alat bantu pembayaran dan bukan pendapatan tambahan. Anda bisa berhutang kepada bank dengan menggunakan kad kredit, tetapi cepat atau lambat hutang kad kredit tersebut tentu harus anda bayar.
7 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk SEMUA belanja dan pembayaran
Tidak sedikit orang menggunakan kad kredit untuk semua jenis pembelanjaan. Padahal, untuk beberapa jenis produk, akan lebih baik jika dibeli dengan menggunakan wang Cash. Ketika anda berbelanja dengan kad kredit, pihak penjual barang akan dikenakan biaya sebesar 2,5-3% dari harga transaksi itu oleh pihak bank. Untuk beberapa jenis produk (terutama yang margin labanya kecil), penjual barang tidak bersedia menanggung biaya tersebut, sehingga mengoper biaya tersebut kepada pembeli (alias anda). Biasanya dalam kasus seperti ini, penjual akan mengatakan bahwa ‘Kalau memakai kad kredit, kita kenakan charge X %’. Pada saat ini, biasanya charge ini sebesar 3,5%. Jika anda tetap membelinya dengan cara seperti ini, anda telah membayar bunga 3,5% hanya untuk ‘menunda’ sebentar membayar belanjaan itu. Padahal wang anda yang anda taruh di tabungan mendapatkan bunga yang jauh di bawah itu. Bahkan jika penjual barang tersebut tidak mengenakan caj, cubalah untuk bertanya apakah ada diskaun untuk pembelian cash. Seringkali anda akan mendapatkan potongan harga yang lumayan untuk pembelian dengan menggunakan wang Cash.
Sumber:
http://janganserakah.com/
2 : Menganggap kad kredit sebagai kad debit (ATM)
3 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang
4 : Tiada disiplin mengawal penggunaan kad Kredit dan bilnya
5 : Memiliki terlalu banyak kad Kredit
6 : Menganggap kad Kredit sebagai ‘Wang Tambahan’
7 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk SEMUA belanja dan pembayaran
1 : Tidak melunasi seluruh tagihan kad kredit
Ini boleh dikatakan merupakan penyebab utama mengapa banyak orang yang terjerat dalam hutang kad kredit. Tidak sedikit orang yang hanya membayar sejumlah “pembayaran minimum”. Ketika anda melakukan ini, maka baki hutang yang tersisa akan terkena bunga yang sangat tinggi. Ketika anda melakukan kesalahan ini, maka ibaratnya anda sudah mengambil langkah pertama untuk masuk ke dalam jeratan hutang kad kredit. Lunasi seluruh tagihan kad kredit anda!!!
2 : Menganggap kad kredit sebagai kad debit (ATM)
Ini merupakan salah satu kesalahan yang paling fatal dalam menggunakan kad kredit. kad Kredit bukanlah kad Debit (ATM). Hindari menarik wang cash dengan menggunakan kad kredit karena ini akan dikenakan bunga dan biaya tarik tunai yang sangat tinggi (bahkan lebih tinggi daripada angka yang saya tuliskan di kesalahan no 1).
3 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang
Kad kredit termasuk ke dalam jenis hutang “Unsecured Debt”. Hutang semacam ini dikenakan bunga yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu hutang semacam ini tidak tepat dipakai untuk modal bisnis karena akan sangat membebani kedudukan kewangan bisnis anda.
Kesalahan lainnya yang tergolong ’serupa’ adalah menggunakan kad kredit untuk menutup ataupun membayar hutang “Secured Debt”/hutang yang menggunakan jaminan. Hutang yang menggunakan jaminan, bunganya secara umum lebih ringan. Oleh sebab itu jika anda menggunakan kad kredit untuk membayar hutang ini, berarti anda malah ‘menukar’ hutang yang bunganya lebih ringan dengan hutang yang bunganya lebih berat. Salah satu ‘malapetaka’ terbesar dalam menggunakan kad kredit terjadi ketika kesalahan no.2 dan kesalahan no.3 ‘dikombinasikan’. Contoh paling umum ‘malapetaka’ seperti ini adalah ketika pemegang kad kredit mengambil wang tunai dengan kad kredit yang satu untuk membayar tagihan kad kredit yang lain.
4 : Tiada disiplin mengawal penggunaan kad Kredit dan tagihannya
Tentukan batas maksimum yang boleh anda ‘gesek’ setiap bulannya. Kawal dan catat setiap pemakaian kad kredit anda setiap hari. Ketika jumlah pemakaian tersebut sudah mendekati batas maksimum yang anda tentukan. Masih terkait dengan kesalahan no 4 ini, adalah tiada disiplin dalam pembayaran kad kreditnya. Jangan menunggu hingga hari batas terakhir untuk melunasi kad kredit anda, karena jika di hari tersebut anda sibuk/lupa/ada urusan mendadak, maka mungkin bilk ad kredit tidak terbayar.
5 : Terlalu banyak memiliki kad Kredit
Semakin banyak kad Kredit yang anda miliki, semakin sulit bagi anda untuk mengontrol pengeluaran masing-masing kad kredit. Dalam pelunasan kad kredit pun anda akan lebih direpotkan karena perlu mengingat tanggal pelunasan masing-masing kad agar tidak terlambat bayar. Beberapa financial planner menyarankan untuk memiliki kad Kredit maksimal 3 saja. Kalau lebih dari itu, mungkin mulai bisa mempertimbangkan untuk menggunting sisanya.
6 : Menganggap kad Kredit sebagai ‘Wang Tambahan’
Meskipun kedengarannya sulit dipercaya, tetapi tidak sedikit orang yang menganggap kad Kredit sebagai wang Tambahan. Ketika permohonan kad kreditnya disetujui, mereka pun kegirangan seperti mendapatkan ‘durian runtuh’. Seringkali ini lalu berujung dengan ‘pesta belanja’ menggunakan kad kredit baru tersebut. Memiliki kad kredit bukanlah berarti bahwa anda mempunyai lebih banyak wang untuk dibelanjakan. Kad kredit 'malapetaka’ jika anda tidak bijak dalam menggunakannya, ingatlah bahwa kad kredit hanyalah merupakan alat bantu pembayaran dan bukan pendapatan tambahan. Anda bisa berhutang kepada bank dengan menggunakan kad kredit, tetapi cepat atau lambat hutang kad kredit tersebut tentu harus anda bayar.
7 : Menggunakan kad kredit untuk SEMUA belanja dan pembayaran
Tidak sedikit orang menggunakan kad kredit untuk semua jenis pembelanjaan. Padahal, untuk beberapa jenis produk, akan lebih baik jika dibeli dengan menggunakan wang Cash. Ketika anda berbelanja dengan kad kredit, pihak penjual barang akan dikenakan biaya sebesar 2,5-3% dari harga transaksi itu oleh pihak bank. Untuk beberapa jenis produk (terutama yang margin labanya kecil), penjual barang tidak bersedia menanggung biaya tersebut, sehingga mengoper biaya tersebut kepada pembeli (alias anda). Biasanya dalam kasus seperti ini, penjual akan mengatakan bahwa ‘Kalau memakai kad kredit, kita kenakan charge X %’. Pada saat ini, biasanya charge ini sebesar 3,5%. Jika anda tetap membelinya dengan cara seperti ini, anda telah membayar bunga 3,5% hanya untuk ‘menunda’ sebentar membayar belanjaan itu. Padahal wang anda yang anda taruh di tabungan mendapatkan bunga yang jauh di bawah itu. Bahkan jika penjual barang tersebut tidak mengenakan caj, cubalah untuk bertanya apakah ada diskaun untuk pembelian cash. Seringkali anda akan mendapatkan potongan harga yang lumayan untuk pembelian dengan menggunakan wang Cash.
Sumber:
http://janganserakah.com/
Monday, 20 April 2009
Bandung, Kota Paris di Jawa
Keseronokan pelancong Malaysia membeli-belah di Bandung bukanlah perkara biasa, apatah lagi jika mengambil kira nilai mata wang Malaysia yang lebih tinggi berbanding rupiah.
Namun persepsi bahawa ibu kota wilayah Jawa Barat itu adalah syurga kota membeli-belah semata-mata perlu dibuang jauh-jauh.
Lupakan juga tanggapan semulajadi sang jejaka mengenai salah satu keistimewaan Bandung yang terkenal dengan gadis-gadis cantik dan berkulit gebu.
Ini kerana Bandung yang pernah dikenali sebagai Parijs van Java (Paris di Jawa) pada zaman pemerintahan Belanda dahulu boleh disifatkan sebagai destinasi pelancong popular yang merangkumi banyak sektor.
Skop kemasyhuran nama Bandung sangat luas menerusi pelbagai gelaran yang diberikan. Salah satunya, gelaran kota pendidikan di Indonesia apabila memiliki banyak institusi pendidikan tinggi awam dan swasta.
Sebilangan besar universiti Indonesia utama terletak di Bandung. Antaranya ialah Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) yang didirikan oleh penjajah Belanda pada tahun 1920 dan terkenal sebagai alma mater Sukarno.
Apa yang menarik, institut pengajian tinggi yang terdapat di Bandung bagaikan padat tanpa anda menyedari bahawa menara dan bangunan tinggi seperti kompleks membeli- belah adalah sebuah universiti.
Beralih kepada gelaran kota seni, Bandung juga telah melahirkan ramai nama penyanyi dan kumpulan muzik yang besar di Indonesia. Sebilangan kumpulan muzik negara jiran itu yang menjadi kegilaan ramai peminat di Malaysia seperti Peterpan, Cokelat dan Gigi berasal dari Bandung.
Malah, penyanyi popular seperti Ruth Sahanaya dan Melly Goeslaw terus berjaya menambahkan jumlah koleksi penggiat seni yang berjaya mengangkat nama Bandung ke peringkat lebih tinggi.
Budaya seni yang tinggi di Bandung juga dapat dilihat menerusi permainan rakyatnya yang popular seperti angklung. Gelaran kota seni itu amat bertepatan ketika pengunjung menikmati kemerduan bunyi muzik daripada persembahan angklung di Saung Angklung Mang Udjo.
Paling mencuit hati, kanak-kanak kecil itu sudah pandai menyanyi, menari dan bermain angklung. Malah persembahan tarian beramai-ramai yang turut melibatkan kanak-kanak berusia tiga tahun cukup menghibur hati pelancong.
Kebolehan mereka menari, menyanyi dan bermain angklung dengan baik amat mengagumkan. Tidak salah rasanya mengangkat persembahan angklung itu paling mengasyikkan bagi sesiapa sahaja yang berpeluang menikmatinya.
Destinasi popular wajib jika anda berkunjung ke Bandung ialah Gunung Tangkuban Parahu. Walaupun terpaksa melalui jalan berliku menuju ke puncak untuk melihat bekas kawah gunung berapi, pengunjung sentiasa berasa dingin dan nyaman apabila dapat menghirup udara gunung.
Panik
Untuk sampai ke puncak, anda perlu menaiki sebuah bas mini unik yang mampu memuatkan seramai 12 penumpang.
Pengunjung tidak perlu panik apabila tiba-tiba terhidu bau belerang yang menusuk hidung apabila anda semakin menghampiri puncak gunung.
Bekas kawah gunung berapi itu sebenarnya telah lama mati namun lopak-lopak air masih terdapat di dalamnya. Pada masa sama, keasyikan anda menikmati pemandangan indah itu terganggu apabila para penjual cenderamata jalanan yang tidak henti-henti mengekori pengunjung.
Dan tentunya bagi yang gemar membeli-belah, beberapa tempat menarik boleh dikunjungi iaitu Jalan Cihampelas yang menawarkan seribu satu macam pakaian daripada kain jeans.
Sepanjang jalan, semua kedai bagaikan berlumba-lumba menghiasi premis mereka dengan objek yang menarik perhatian seperti patung Superman di pintu masuk kedai. Kebanyakan pusat barangan kilang pula terdapat di sekitar Jalan Setiabudi. Antara yang terkenal ialah Summit, Mode, Stamp dan Secret.
Cuma peringatan awal-awal, jangan hadkan masa anda untuk membeli-belah di sini kerana pengunjung akan menjadi tidak tentu arah untuk memilih barangan yang dihajati kerana merasakan semuanya cantik-cantik belaka.
Bagi peminat kain sulam pula, anda tidak akan pulang hampa kerana Bandung juga terkenal sebagai pusat tekstil apabila 60 peratus pengeluaran kain di Indonesia datang dari kota itu.
Paling menarik perhatian, pelancong pasti terpegun dengan gaya pemakaian masyarakat Bandung yang menggilai fesyen terkini walaupun mereka bekerja sebagai pekerja am.
Puas berjalan dan membeli-belah, pelancong perlu mengakui bahawa Bandung juga tidak kurang hebat dengan pelbagai aneka juadah tempatan dan antarabangsa.
Bermula dengan mi kocok, nasi padang, makanan Sunda, laksa, sate dan nasi uduk hinggalah kepada minuman yang menyegarkan tekak.
Jika mahu menikmati makanan ikan bakar ala Sunda dengan suasana persekitaran ala kampung, anda boleh mencubanya di Taman Budaya dan Seni Kampung Daun.
Mencari tempat penginapan pula, terdapat banyak hotel yang cantik untuk anda pilih di Bandung dengan tawaran harga yang berpatutan tetapi selesa.
Antaranya ialah The Majesty Hotel & Apartment, Grand Setiabudi Hotel & Apartment dan Galeri Ciumbuleuit Hotel & Apartment.
Bagaimana ke Bandung? Khabar gembira buat mereka yang gemar melancong apabila AirAsia Indonesia kini menawarkan laluan terus dari Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Changi di Singapura ke Bandung menerusi satu penerbangan setiap hari.
Bermula 24 Mac lalu, syarikat penerbangan tambang murah terus mengukuhkan kehadirannya di rantau ini apabila turut melancarkan serentak tiga laluan barunya dari Bali, Jakarta dan Yogyakarta ke Singapura.
Sumber: Oleh ARIF NIZAM ABDULLAH
http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2009&dt=0419&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=Pelancongan&pg=pl_01.htm&arc=hive
Namun persepsi bahawa ibu kota wilayah Jawa Barat itu adalah syurga kota membeli-belah semata-mata perlu dibuang jauh-jauh.
Lupakan juga tanggapan semulajadi sang jejaka mengenai salah satu keistimewaan Bandung yang terkenal dengan gadis-gadis cantik dan berkulit gebu.
Ini kerana Bandung yang pernah dikenali sebagai Parijs van Java (Paris di Jawa) pada zaman pemerintahan Belanda dahulu boleh disifatkan sebagai destinasi pelancong popular yang merangkumi banyak sektor.
Skop kemasyhuran nama Bandung sangat luas menerusi pelbagai gelaran yang diberikan. Salah satunya, gelaran kota pendidikan di Indonesia apabila memiliki banyak institusi pendidikan tinggi awam dan swasta.
Sebilangan besar universiti Indonesia utama terletak di Bandung. Antaranya ialah Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) yang didirikan oleh penjajah Belanda pada tahun 1920 dan terkenal sebagai alma mater Sukarno.
Apa yang menarik, institut pengajian tinggi yang terdapat di Bandung bagaikan padat tanpa anda menyedari bahawa menara dan bangunan tinggi seperti kompleks membeli- belah adalah sebuah universiti.
Beralih kepada gelaran kota seni, Bandung juga telah melahirkan ramai nama penyanyi dan kumpulan muzik yang besar di Indonesia. Sebilangan kumpulan muzik negara jiran itu yang menjadi kegilaan ramai peminat di Malaysia seperti Peterpan, Cokelat dan Gigi berasal dari Bandung.
Malah, penyanyi popular seperti Ruth Sahanaya dan Melly Goeslaw terus berjaya menambahkan jumlah koleksi penggiat seni yang berjaya mengangkat nama Bandung ke peringkat lebih tinggi.
Budaya seni yang tinggi di Bandung juga dapat dilihat menerusi permainan rakyatnya yang popular seperti angklung. Gelaran kota seni itu amat bertepatan ketika pengunjung menikmati kemerduan bunyi muzik daripada persembahan angklung di Saung Angklung Mang Udjo.
Paling mencuit hati, kanak-kanak kecil itu sudah pandai menyanyi, menari dan bermain angklung. Malah persembahan tarian beramai-ramai yang turut melibatkan kanak-kanak berusia tiga tahun cukup menghibur hati pelancong.
Kebolehan mereka menari, menyanyi dan bermain angklung dengan baik amat mengagumkan. Tidak salah rasanya mengangkat persembahan angklung itu paling mengasyikkan bagi sesiapa sahaja yang berpeluang menikmatinya.
Destinasi popular wajib jika anda berkunjung ke Bandung ialah Gunung Tangkuban Parahu. Walaupun terpaksa melalui jalan berliku menuju ke puncak untuk melihat bekas kawah gunung berapi, pengunjung sentiasa berasa dingin dan nyaman apabila dapat menghirup udara gunung.
Panik
Untuk sampai ke puncak, anda perlu menaiki sebuah bas mini unik yang mampu memuatkan seramai 12 penumpang.
Pengunjung tidak perlu panik apabila tiba-tiba terhidu bau belerang yang menusuk hidung apabila anda semakin menghampiri puncak gunung.
Bekas kawah gunung berapi itu sebenarnya telah lama mati namun lopak-lopak air masih terdapat di dalamnya. Pada masa sama, keasyikan anda menikmati pemandangan indah itu terganggu apabila para penjual cenderamata jalanan yang tidak henti-henti mengekori pengunjung.
Dan tentunya bagi yang gemar membeli-belah, beberapa tempat menarik boleh dikunjungi iaitu Jalan Cihampelas yang menawarkan seribu satu macam pakaian daripada kain jeans.
Sepanjang jalan, semua kedai bagaikan berlumba-lumba menghiasi premis mereka dengan objek yang menarik perhatian seperti patung Superman di pintu masuk kedai. Kebanyakan pusat barangan kilang pula terdapat di sekitar Jalan Setiabudi. Antara yang terkenal ialah Summit, Mode, Stamp dan Secret.
Cuma peringatan awal-awal, jangan hadkan masa anda untuk membeli-belah di sini kerana pengunjung akan menjadi tidak tentu arah untuk memilih barangan yang dihajati kerana merasakan semuanya cantik-cantik belaka.
Bagi peminat kain sulam pula, anda tidak akan pulang hampa kerana Bandung juga terkenal sebagai pusat tekstil apabila 60 peratus pengeluaran kain di Indonesia datang dari kota itu.
Paling menarik perhatian, pelancong pasti terpegun dengan gaya pemakaian masyarakat Bandung yang menggilai fesyen terkini walaupun mereka bekerja sebagai pekerja am.
Puas berjalan dan membeli-belah, pelancong perlu mengakui bahawa Bandung juga tidak kurang hebat dengan pelbagai aneka juadah tempatan dan antarabangsa.
Bermula dengan mi kocok, nasi padang, makanan Sunda, laksa, sate dan nasi uduk hinggalah kepada minuman yang menyegarkan tekak.
Jika mahu menikmati makanan ikan bakar ala Sunda dengan suasana persekitaran ala kampung, anda boleh mencubanya di Taman Budaya dan Seni Kampung Daun.
Mencari tempat penginapan pula, terdapat banyak hotel yang cantik untuk anda pilih di Bandung dengan tawaran harga yang berpatutan tetapi selesa.
Antaranya ialah The Majesty Hotel & Apartment, Grand Setiabudi Hotel & Apartment dan Galeri Ciumbuleuit Hotel & Apartment.
Bagaimana ke Bandung? Khabar gembira buat mereka yang gemar melancong apabila AirAsia Indonesia kini menawarkan laluan terus dari Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Changi di Singapura ke Bandung menerusi satu penerbangan setiap hari.
Bermula 24 Mac lalu, syarikat penerbangan tambang murah terus mengukuhkan kehadirannya di rantau ini apabila turut melancarkan serentak tiga laluan barunya dari Bali, Jakarta dan Yogyakarta ke Singapura.
Sumber: Oleh ARIF NIZAM ABDULLAH
http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2009&dt=0419&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=Pelancongan&pg=pl_01.htm&arc=hive
Wednesday, 11 March 2009
Meeting Di Sindang Reret Pada 9 Mac 2009
Meeting di Sindang Reret jam 3.00 petang (WIB) pada 9 Mac 2009.
Sindang Reret yang mana satuu.... di Jalan Surapati.
Latitude = sll=-6.933414
Longitude = 107.605247
Indonesian (Sundanese):
Karedok
Sayur Asem
Soto Bandung
Gepuk
Gurame Bakar
Gurame Goreng
Sambal Terasi till tice of Timbel Komplet
Pepes Ikan
Bandrek
Bajigur
Cincau
Pure Milk
etc.
Sindang Reret yang mana satuu.... di Jalan Surapati.
Latitude = sll=-6.933414
Longitude = 107.605247
Indonesian (Sundanese):
Karedok
Sayur Asem
Soto Bandung
Gepuk
Gurame Bakar
Gurame Goreng
Sambal Terasi till tice of Timbel Komplet
Pepes Ikan
Bandrek
Bajigur
Cincau
Pure Milk
etc.
Monday, 2 March 2009
Beli Rumah Di Seksyen 14 - Bandar Baru Bangi
Sekarang masih dalam peringkat awal pembinaan. Dijangka boleh diduduki sekitar bulan Mac 2010. Lokasi yang strategik kerana hampir dengan bulatan pertama (ambil jam 3) selepas exit UKM PLUS highway.
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Saturday, 20 December 2008
What Are Roads in Malaysia Used For?
by David Astley, a British/Ozzie guy!! now living in KL
A guide for expatriate drivers in Malaysia
Since arriving in Malaysia in 1997, I have tried on many occasions to buy a copy of the Malaysian road rules, but have come to the conclusion that no such publication exists (or if it does, it has been out of print for years). Therefore after carefully observing the driving habits of Malaysian drivers, I believe I have at last worked out the rules of the road in Malaysia . For the benefit of other expatriates living in Malaysia , and the 50% of local drivers who acquired their driving licences without taking a driving test, I am pleased to share my knowledge below:
Q: What is the most important rule of the road in Malaysia?
A: The most important rule is that you must arrive at your destination ahead of the car in front of you. This is the sacrosanct rule of driving in Malaysia . All other rules are subservient to this rule.
Q: What side of the road should you drive on in Malaysia ?
A: 99.7% of cars drive on the left hand side, 0.2% on the right hand side, and 0.1% drive in reverse (be on the look out for drivers reversing at high speed in the left hand lane of freeways, having just missed their exit). Therefore on the basis of 'majority rules', it is recommended that you drive on the left. However, be aware that only 90% of motorcyclists travel on the left hand side - the other 10% ride in the opposite direction or on the sidewalk. Fortunately, motorcyclists travelling in reverse are rarely seen.
Q: What are the white lines on the roads?
A: These are known as lane markers and were used by the British in the colonial days to help them drive straight. Today their purpose is mainly decorative, although a double white line is used to indicate a place that is popular to overtake!
Q: When can I use the emergency lane?
A: You can use the emergency lane for any emergency, e.g. you are late for work, you left the toaster plugged in at home, you are bursting to go to the toilet, you have a toothache or you have just dropped your Starbucks coffee in your lap. As it is an emergency, you may drive at twice the speed of the other cars on the road.
Q: Do traffic lights have the same meaning as in other countries?
A: Not quite. Green is the same - that means 'Go', but amber and red are different. Amber means 'Go like hell' and red means 'Stop if there is traffic coming in the other direction or if there is a policeman on the corner'. Otherwise red means the same as green. Note that for buses, red lights do not take effect until five seconds after the light has changed.
Q: What does the sign 'Jalan Sehala' mean?
A: This means 'One Way Street' and indicates a street where the traffic is required to travel in one direc! tion. The arrow on the sign indicates the preferred direction of the traffic flow, but is not compulsory. If the traffic is not flowing in the direction in which you wish to travel, then reversing in that direction is the best option.
Q: What does the sign 'Berhenti' mean?
A: This means 'Stop', and is used to indicate a junction where there is a possibility that you may have to stop if you cannot fool the cars on the road that you are entering into thinking that you are not going to stop.
Q: What does the sign 'Beri Laluan' mean?
A: This means ' Give Way ', and is used to indicate a junction where the cars on the road that you are entering will give way to you provided you avoid all eye contact with them and you can fool them into thinking that you have not seen them.
Q: What does the sign 'Dilarang Masuk' mean?
A: This means 'No Entry'. However, when used on exit ramps in multi-storey car parks, it has an alternative meaning which is: 'Short cut to the next level up'.
Q: What does the sign 'Pandu Cermat' mean?
A: This means 'Drive Smartly', and is placed along highways to remind drivers that they should never leave more than one car length between them and the car in front, irrespective of what speed they are driving. This is to ensure that other cars cannot cut in front of you and thus prevent you from achieving the primary objective of driving in Malaysia , and that is to arrive ahead of the car in front of you. If you can see the rear number plate of the car in front of you, then you are not driving close enough.
Q: What is the speed limit in Malaysia ?
A: The concept of a speed limit is unknown in Malaysia.
Q: So what are the round signs on the highways with the numbers 60, 80 and 110?
A: This is the amount of the 'on-the-spot' fine (in ringgits - the local currency) that you have to pay to the police if you are stopped on that stretch of the highway. Note that for expatriates or locals driving Mercedes or BMWs, the on-the-spot fine is double the amount shown on the sign.
Q: Where do you pay the 'on-the-spot' fine?
A: As the name suggests, you pay it 'on-the-spot' to the policeman who has stopped you. You will be asked to place your driving licence on the policeman's notebook that he will hand to you through the window of your car. You will note that there is a spot on the cover of the notebook. Neatly fold the amount of your fine into four, place the fine on the spot, and then cover it with your driving licence so that it cannot be seen. Pass it carefully to the policeman. Then, with a David Copperfield movement of his hands, he will make your money disappear. It is not necessary to applaud.
Q: But isn't this a bribe?
A: Oh pleeease, go and wash your mouth out. What do you want? A traffic ticket? Yes, you can request one of those instead, but it will cost you twice the price, forms to fill out, cheques to write, envelopes to mail, and then three months later when you are advised that your fine was never received, more forms to fill out, a trip to the police station, a trip to the bank, a trip back to the police station, and maybe then you will wish you had paid 'on-the-spot'.
Q: But what if I haven't broken any road rules?
A: It is not common practice in Malaysia to stop motorists for breaking road rules (because nobody is really sure what they are). The most common reasons for being stopped are:
(a) the policeman is hungry and would like you to buy him lunch;
(b) the policeman has run out of petrol and needs some money to get back
to the station;
(c) you look like a generous person who would like to make a donation to the police welfare fund; or
(d) you are driving an expensive car which means you can afford to make a donation to the police welfare fund.
Q: Does my car require a roadworthy certificate before I can drive it in Malaysia ?
A: No, roadworthy certificates are not required in Malaysia . However there are certain other statutory requirements that must be fulfilled before your car can be driven in Malaysia . Firstly, you must ensure that your windscreen is at least 50% obscured with English football club decals, golf club membership stickers or condo parking permits. Secondly, you must place a tissue box (preferably in a white lace cover) on the back shelf of your car under the rear window. Thirdly, you must hang as many CDs or plastic ornaments from your rear vision mirror as it will support. Finally, you must place a Garfield doll with suction caps on one of your windows. Your car will then be ready to drive on Malaysian roads.
Q: What does a single yellow line along the edge of a road mean?
A: This means parking is permitted.
Q: What does a double yellow line along the edge of a road mean?
A: This means double parking is permitted.
Q: What does a yellow box with a diagonal grid of yellow lines painted on the road at a junction mean?
A: Contrary to the understanding of so me local drivers, this does not mean that diagonal parking is permitted. It indicates a junction that is grid-locked at peak hours.
Q: Can I use my mobile phone whilst driving in Malaysia ?
A: No problem at all, but it should be noted that if you wish to use the rear-vision mirror to put on your lipstick (women only please) or trim your eyebrows at the same time as you are using a mobile phone in the other hand, you should ensure that you keep an elbow free to steer the car. Alternatively, you may place a toddler on your lap and have the child steer the car whilst you are carrying out these other essential driving tasks.
Q: Is it necessary to use indicator lights in Malaysia ?
A: These blinking orange lights are commonly used by newly arrived expatriate drivers to indicate they are about to change lanes. This provides a useful signal to local drivers to close up any gaps to prevent the expatriate driver from changing lanes. Therefore it is recommended that expatriate drivers adopt the local practice of avoiding all use of indicator lights. However, it is sometimes useful to turn on your left hand indicator if you want to merge right, because this confuses other drivers enabling you to take advantage of an unprotected gap in the traffic.
Q: Why do some local drivers turn on their left hand indicator and then turn right, or turn on their right hand indicator and then turn left?
A: This is one of the unsolved mysteries of driving in Malaysia.
Source: http://www.tranungkite.net/v8/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=3087#91383
A guide for expatriate drivers in Malaysia
Since arriving in Malaysia in 1997, I have tried on many occasions to buy a copy of the Malaysian road rules, but have come to the conclusion that no such publication exists (or if it does, it has been out of print for years). Therefore after carefully observing the driving habits of Malaysian drivers, I believe I have at last worked out the rules of the road in Malaysia . For the benefit of other expatriates living in Malaysia , and the 50% of local drivers who acquired their driving licences without taking a driving test, I am pleased to share my knowledge below:
Q: What is the most important rule of the road in Malaysia?
A: The most important rule is that you must arrive at your destination ahead of the car in front of you. This is the sacrosanct rule of driving in Malaysia . All other rules are subservient to this rule.
Q: What side of the road should you drive on in Malaysia ?
A: 99.7% of cars drive on the left hand side, 0.2% on the right hand side, and 0.1% drive in reverse (be on the look out for drivers reversing at high speed in the left hand lane of freeways, having just missed their exit). Therefore on the basis of 'majority rules', it is recommended that you drive on the left. However, be aware that only 90% of motorcyclists travel on the left hand side - the other 10% ride in the opposite direction or on the sidewalk. Fortunately, motorcyclists travelling in reverse are rarely seen.
Q: What are the white lines on the roads?
A: These are known as lane markers and were used by the British in the colonial days to help them drive straight. Today their purpose is mainly decorative, although a double white line is used to indicate a place that is popular to overtake!
Q: When can I use the emergency lane?
A: You can use the emergency lane for any emergency, e.g. you are late for work, you left the toaster plugged in at home, you are bursting to go to the toilet, you have a toothache or you have just dropped your Starbucks coffee in your lap. As it is an emergency, you may drive at twice the speed of the other cars on the road.
Q: Do traffic lights have the same meaning as in other countries?
A: Not quite. Green is the same - that means 'Go', but amber and red are different. Amber means 'Go like hell' and red means 'Stop if there is traffic coming in the other direction or if there is a policeman on the corner'. Otherwise red means the same as green. Note that for buses, red lights do not take effect until five seconds after the light has changed.
Q: What does the sign 'Jalan Sehala' mean?
A: This means 'One Way Street' and indicates a street where the traffic is required to travel in one direc! tion. The arrow on the sign indicates the preferred direction of the traffic flow, but is not compulsory. If the traffic is not flowing in the direction in which you wish to travel, then reversing in that direction is the best option.
Q: What does the sign 'Berhenti' mean?
A: This means 'Stop', and is used to indicate a junction where there is a possibility that you may have to stop if you cannot fool the cars on the road that you are entering into thinking that you are not going to stop.
Q: What does the sign 'Beri Laluan' mean?
A: This means ' Give Way ', and is used to indicate a junction where the cars on the road that you are entering will give way to you provided you avoid all eye contact with them and you can fool them into thinking that you have not seen them.
Q: What does the sign 'Dilarang Masuk' mean?
A: This means 'No Entry'. However, when used on exit ramps in multi-storey car parks, it has an alternative meaning which is: 'Short cut to the next level up'.
Q: What does the sign 'Pandu Cermat' mean?
A: This means 'Drive Smartly', and is placed along highways to remind drivers that they should never leave more than one car length between them and the car in front, irrespective of what speed they are driving. This is to ensure that other cars cannot cut in front of you and thus prevent you from achieving the primary objective of driving in Malaysia , and that is to arrive ahead of the car in front of you. If you can see the rear number plate of the car in front of you, then you are not driving close enough.
Q: What is the speed limit in Malaysia ?
A: The concept of a speed limit is unknown in Malaysia.
Q: So what are the round signs on the highways with the numbers 60, 80 and 110?
A: This is the amount of the 'on-the-spot' fine (in ringgits - the local currency) that you have to pay to the police if you are stopped on that stretch of the highway. Note that for expatriates or locals driving Mercedes or BMWs, the on-the-spot fine is double the amount shown on the sign.
Q: Where do you pay the 'on-the-spot' fine?
A: As the name suggests, you pay it 'on-the-spot' to the policeman who has stopped you. You will be asked to place your driving licence on the policeman's notebook that he will hand to you through the window of your car. You will note that there is a spot on the cover of the notebook. Neatly fold the amount of your fine into four, place the fine on the spot, and then cover it with your driving licence so that it cannot be seen. Pass it carefully to the policeman. Then, with a David Copperfield movement of his hands, he will make your money disappear. It is not necessary to applaud.
Q: But isn't this a bribe?
A: Oh pleeease, go and wash your mouth out. What do you want? A traffic ticket? Yes, you can request one of those instead, but it will cost you twice the price, forms to fill out, cheques to write, envelopes to mail, and then three months later when you are advised that your fine was never received, more forms to fill out, a trip to the police station, a trip to the bank, a trip back to the police station, and maybe then you will wish you had paid 'on-the-spot'.
Q: But what if I haven't broken any road rules?
A: It is not common practice in Malaysia to stop motorists for breaking road rules (because nobody is really sure what they are). The most common reasons for being stopped are:
(a) the policeman is hungry and would like you to buy him lunch;
(b) the policeman has run out of petrol and needs some money to get back
to the station;
(c) you look like a generous person who would like to make a donation to the police welfare fund; or
(d) you are driving an expensive car which means you can afford to make a donation to the police welfare fund.
Q: Does my car require a roadworthy certificate before I can drive it in Malaysia ?
A: No, roadworthy certificates are not required in Malaysia . However there are certain other statutory requirements that must be fulfilled before your car can be driven in Malaysia . Firstly, you must ensure that your windscreen is at least 50% obscured with English football club decals, golf club membership stickers or condo parking permits. Secondly, you must place a tissue box (preferably in a white lace cover) on the back shelf of your car under the rear window. Thirdly, you must hang as many CDs or plastic ornaments from your rear vision mirror as it will support. Finally, you must place a Garfield doll with suction caps on one of your windows. Your car will then be ready to drive on Malaysian roads.
Q: What does a single yellow line along the edge of a road mean?
A: This means parking is permitted.
Q: What does a double yellow line along the edge of a road mean?
A: This means double parking is permitted.
Q: What does a yellow box with a diagonal grid of yellow lines painted on the road at a junction mean?
A: Contrary to the understanding of so me local drivers, this does not mean that diagonal parking is permitted. It indicates a junction that is grid-locked at peak hours.
Q: Can I use my mobile phone whilst driving in Malaysia ?
A: No problem at all, but it should be noted that if you wish to use the rear-vision mirror to put on your lipstick (women only please) or trim your eyebrows at the same time as you are using a mobile phone in the other hand, you should ensure that you keep an elbow free to steer the car. Alternatively, you may place a toddler on your lap and have the child steer the car whilst you are carrying out these other essential driving tasks.
Q: Is it necessary to use indicator lights in Malaysia ?
A: These blinking orange lights are commonly used by newly arrived expatriate drivers to indicate they are about to change lanes. This provides a useful signal to local drivers to close up any gaps to prevent the expatriate driver from changing lanes. Therefore it is recommended that expatriate drivers adopt the local practice of avoiding all use of indicator lights. However, it is sometimes useful to turn on your left hand indicator if you want to merge right, because this confuses other drivers enabling you to take advantage of an unprotected gap in the traffic.
Q: Why do some local drivers turn on their left hand indicator and then turn right, or turn on their right hand indicator and then turn left?
A: This is one of the unsolved mysteries of driving in Malaysia.
Source: http://www.tranungkite.net/v8/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=3087#91383
Tuesday, 16 December 2008
Petua Penjagaan Kereta Auto Transmisions
Monday, December 15, 2008
PETUA PENGJAGAAN KERETA AUTO TRANSMISIONS
A) MUKADIMAH
Memandangkan sekarang terlalu ramai sangat orang mempertikai kotak gear/gear box atau nama sebenarnya “Auto Transmision” (AT) kereta Proton Perdana V6.Zemi pun naik pelik bagaimana kos penyelenggaraan mereka boleh mencecah RM 30,000 setahun.Zemi ada pengalaman menggunakan kereta Perdana V6 selama tiga tahun lebih (2002-2005) sebelum bertukar kepada Naza Ria .Atas tuntutan kerja yang memerlukan kenderaan lebih besar yang menyebabkan Zemi bertukar kepada MPV.Pada masa Zemi jual kereta Perdana V6 “milleage” nya adalah 300,000 ++ km.Tidak pernah ada masalah kotak gear,kecuali masalah-masalah kecil seperti suis “power window” dan kaca tingkap ditembusi angin di bahagian tepi.Semasa Zemi hendak membeli Naza Ria ada beberapa teman yang menasihati Zemi supaya jangan beli kerana Naza Ria ada masalah kotak gear.Zemi ketepi kan semua nasihat kawan-kawan.Sampai sekarang Naza Ria Zemi masih belum menghadapi masalah kotak gear.”Milleage” dah mencecah 400,620 km.
Sebagai seorang bekas pekerja Proton di Shah Alam selama tiga tahun (1995-1997),Zemi rasa adalah menjadi tanggungjawab Zemi untuk mempertahankan bekas Majikan Zemi dan juga produk keluaran Negara sendiri.Sebenarnya Zemi banyak “makan budi” Proton.Banyak pengalaman berharga yang dapat dikutip semasa di Proton.Malah Zemi boleh katakan kejayaan Zemi pada hari ini adalah sumber inspirasi daripada pengalaman bekerja di Proton.Mereka adalah Majikan yang bertanggungjawab dan menjaga kebajikan Pekerja.Malah jika ada Pekerja yang meninggal dunia diluar waktu kerja sekalipun mereka akan tanggung segala kos sehingga ke lubang kubur.Siap beri duit untuk tahlil lagi.Dan pelbagai lagi kemudahan lain yang diberikan oleh Proton kepada pekerja-pekerja mereka.Jangan hanya kerana kualiti yang ada sedikit kelemahan kita hentam keseluruhan Proton.Fikirkan sama sumbangan serta jasa Proton kepada Ekonomi Negara dan peluang-peluang pekerjaan kepada rakyat.Satu ketika dulu boleh dikatakan pekerja-pekerja Proton adalah pekerja yang mewah.
Zemi akui ada juga kelemahan kepada kereta-kereta keluaran Proton,tapi tidaklah seteruk seperti yang diperkatakan sekarang.Kita masih baru dalam dunia Automotif walaupun dah berusia dua puluh empat tahun,jika hendak dibandingkan dengan jenama-jenama Jepun atau Eropah yang sudah berpuluh-puluh tahun bertapak dalam dunia Automotif.Untuk rekod Kia Motor Korea pernah gulung tikar dahulu sebelum melonjak kembali sekarang.Hyundai,Daewoo dah pun gulung tikar dan diambil alih oleh Kia sekarang.Ford pulak nyawa-nyawa ikan sekarang.Adakah kita sebagai rakyat Malaysia mahu ini terjadi kepada Proton ? Syukur kepada tuhan walaupun kualiti teruk dipertikai tetapi Proton masih boleh bertahan sehingga kini dan dapat memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada beribu-ribu orang rakyat Malaysia.Zemi akui akan ada yang berkata “boleh lah Proton hidup kerana mendapat bantuan Kerajaan”.Kita tetap kena bersyukur kerana Kerajaan kita masih boleh membantu Proton tanpa berhutang daripada mana-mana pihak.Kalau Kerajaan kita tidak bertanggungjawab sudah lama mereka jual Proton kepada Syarikat luar atau tutup sahaja Proton.Tak perlu nak pening-pening kan kepala dengan Proton lagi.Berebut Syarikat-Syarikat asing yang hendak membeli Proton.Buka saja mulut pasti berduyun-duyun datang mahu membeli Proton.Tetapi oleh kerana Kerajaan kita sebuah Kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab maka mereka tetap pertahankan Proton,demi imej Negara dan mengelakan ianya jauh kepada tangan pihak asing.
Untuk pengetahuan pembaca majoriti pekerja Proton adalah orang Kelantan,Kedah dan Perak.Zemi boleh katakan tujuh puluh peratus pekerja Proton ini adalah penyokong Pas.Malah info yang Zemi dapat daripada kawan-kawan Zemi yang masih bersama Proton sekarang,bukan saja penyokong Pas,penyokong PKR juga semakin ramai di dalam Proton sekarang.Ini menunjukan Proton dikuasai oleh penyokong-penyokong Parti Pembangkang.Kalau kualiti Proton teruk maka pekerja-pekerja Proton yang menyokong Pembangkang inilah yang harus dipertikai.Untuk pengetahuan pembaca setahu Zemi sindrom politik kepartian terlalu kuat di dalam kilang Proton.Mereka banyak membuang masa berpolitik daripada memberi tumpuan kepada kerja dan memberi idea-idea yang bernas kepada Majikan mereka.Dalam kepala mereka telah tersemat “peduli apa aku dengan kualiti bukan kereta aku nak pakai ,janji aku kerja, boleh buat OT cukup bulan dapat gaji”.Setakat ini dulu,cuba pembaca fikir sendiri betul tak apa yang Zemi kata kan ini betul tak (yang di bold kan)
Pada Zemi apa kereta sekalipun yang kita gunakan,jika kita tidak mengamalkan cara pemanduan dan penyelengaraan yang betul ianya tetap akan “JAHANAM”.Ditambah pula jika kereta tersebut adalah kereta AT.Kebanyakan kereta AT akan cepat menghadapi masalah kotak gear berbanding kereta MT (manual transmission)
B) PETUA
Berikut Zemi perturunkan beberapa petua menjaga kotak gear kereta AT:-
1) Kebiasaannya kereta AT ada enam “step” gear.Bermula dengan P , R , N , D , 2 , L (bergantung kepada model kenderaan) kebiasaanya tiga step di bawah N nombornya berlainan tetapi fungsi tetap sama.Sewaktu hendak menghidupkan enjin selepas dimatikan lebih enam jam,on suis dahulu (jgn hidupkan) pastikan semua lampu panduan di meter menyala.Kemudian gerakan gear setiap step bermula daripada paling atas hingga ke paling bawah .Setiap step perlu berhenti 2 saat.Kemudian daripada paling bawah naik kan ke N, (pastikan brek tangan ditarik sekuat-kuatnya) dan hidupkan enjin.Biarkan gear di N sahaja sehingga anda menggerakan kenderaan .Biarkan selama 5 minit,jika 6 jam dan 10 minit jika 7 jam keatas.Bergantung kepada suhu meter ,pastikan meter suhu naik 25 % sebelum memulakan perjalanan.Tujuannya untuk memastikan semua pintu gear terbuka dan mengelakan karat berlaku di pintu-pintu gear yang jarang digunakan.Kebiasaanya pemandu akan menggunakan step D sahaja,manakala step-step lain jarang digunakan atau tak digunakan langsung. AWAS !!! Petua ini tidak sesuai dilakukan di kawasan berbukit,pastikan di tempat yang rata sahaja.
2) Minyak AT dan AT Filter hendaklah ditukarkan setiap 30,000 km atau 6 bulan(yang mana dulu).Ini amat penting dilakukan mengikut jadual.Sebenarnya kalau nak diikutkan AT filter perlu ditukar apabila 2 kali tukar minyak AT.Tetapi lebih baik ditukar setiap kali anda menukar minyak AT,kerana mekanik akan buka semua takung minyak AT (bergantung kpd model kenderaan)dan bersihkan sebersih-bersihnya.Elakan tukar minyak AT tanpa membuka takung minyak AT.Ini kerana hendak mengelak adanya bendasing atau air dalam takung minyak AT.Jika dibiarkan terlalu lama ianya boleh memudaratkan kotak gear.Pastikan minyak AT dan filter yang digunakan TULIN dan ianya menepati spesifikasi kenderaan anda.Elakan mengguna barang tiruan kerana ia memberi kesan yang tidak bagus untuk jangkamasa panjang (harga murah,tetapi selepas3-4 tahun lagi anda merana)
3) Pastikan kaki anda tidak menekan brek dan gear berada di kedudukan D semasa berhenti di lampu isyarat ,dimana-mana sahaja atau dalam kesesakan lalulintas yang teruk.Pastikan diletak di N sahaja.Jangan di P ,ini kerana boleh menyebabkan anda lambat memulakan perjalanan dan boleh menyebabkan orang di belakang anda marah.Sebab itu step N dan D diletak berdekatan dan tak memerlukan anda menekan butang “lock” antara gear untuk bergerak (butang tepi batang gear bersama butang OD).Jika anda mengamalkan budaya kereta dalam gear dan tekan brek, boleh menyebabkan “clutch plate” cepat habis atau terbakar.Jangan sangka kan kereta AT tiada “clutch plate”.Ianya ada berbelas belas keping (bergantung kpd model kenderaan).Satu rosak anda kena tukar kesemua “clutch plate”.Tiada penjualan sekeping-sekeping di kedai alatganti.Harganya amat mahal sekali (bergantung kepada model kenderaan).Tidak silap saya untuk model Wira pun RM 500++.
4) Sewaktu hendak memulakan perjalanan ,selepas anda berhenti dimana-mana sekalipun , mulakan dgn step 2 atau step ke dua selepas N.Selepas bacaan meter RPM mencecah 2000-2500 tukar kembali kepada D atau satu step dibawah N.Amalkan begini juga di dalam kesesakan lalulintas.Ini dapat menjimatkan minyak anda dan memberi lebih kuasa kepada kereta anda sewaktu hendak mula bergerak.Step 2 umpama anda bermula dengan gear 1 untuk kereta manual.Step D pula ibarat gear 2 atau 3 bagi kereta manual.Maknanya jika anda memulakan dengan 2 step kereta anda dapat bergerak dengan “sukarela dan penuh semangat” bukan nya dalam keadaan “terpaksa” jika bermula dengan step D.Bila kereta anda mulakan pergerakan dalam keadaan “terpaksa” lama kelamaan ianya akan memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada kotak gear dan enjin.
5) Elakan melalui jalan yang ada air bertakung terlalu tinggi atau meredah banjir.Jika terpaksa melalui juga pastikan dalam keadaan lancar atau “satu nafas” sahaja.Jangan sesekali berhenti dalam air bertakung yang tinggi yang boleh terkena bahagian bawah enjin.Ini boleh menyebabkan pintu kotak gear anda dimasuki air dan seterusnya boleh menyebabkan minyak AT anda bercampur dengan air.Ianya juga boleh menyebabkan “clutch plate” anda terbakar.Jika anda terpaksa juga melalui jalan yang banjir (maklumlah di lembah klang ni faham-faham sendiri lah) selepas itu pastikan anda berjumpa dengan mekanik anda untuk memastikan minyak AT tidak bercampur dengan air.
6) Elakan daripada selalu mendaki bukit-bukit yang tinggi terlalu kerap (contoh:Genting Highland).
7) Pastikan step-step gear yang ada digunakan dengan baik sewaktu menaiki bukit,sesuai dengan bacaan RPM kereta anda.Jangan paksa kereta anda mendaki bukit menggunakan step D.Gunakan sepenuhnya dua step lagi yang ada dibawah step D,sesuai dengan ketinggian bukit tersebut atau bacaan RPM anda.
8) Elakan “reversed” kereta anda dalam keadaan laju,jarak yang jauh atau terlalu kerap sangat.Gunakan gear “reversed” anda seminimum yang boleh.Penggunaan gear “reversed” yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkan kotak gear anda cepat rosak.
9) Jangan guna “over drive” atau OD dalam pemanduan biasa.Gunakan semasa hendak memotong kenderaan di hadapan anda dalam keadaan perlu sahaja.
10) Jangan terlalu agresif sewaktu hendak memulakan perjalanan kenderaan anda.Mula kan dengan perlahan-perlahan dan tambah kelajuan berperingkat-peringkat.Jika anda mula dengan agresif bukan sahaja memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada kotak gear malah juga dapat memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada “timing belt”.Inilah salah satu punca “timing belt” putus sebelum sampai waktu penukaran yang akan datang.
C) TAMBAHAN (AT / MT)
1) Untuk memastikan enjin kenderaan anda sekarang masih baik atau tidak.Hidupkan enjin kenderaan anda waktu pagi dan biarkan selama 10 minit,kemudian lihat di bahagian ekzos ada atau tidak air minitis keluar dari lubang ekzos. Boleh juga ambil sehelai kertas putih yang kosong letakan di muncung ekzos anda kemudian tengok ada tak percikan air di kertas tersebut. . Jika ada air menitis atau ada percikan air di kertas putih tadi maknanya enjin kenderaan anda masih dalam keadaan “sihat walafiat”.Jika tidak maknanya enjin kenderaan anda ada sedikit “keuzuran”.
2) Pastikan minyak enjin dan oil filter yang anda gunakan adalah minyak yang sama sepanjang masa dan pastikan ianya yang tulin.Banyak minyak enjin palsu di pasaran sekarang yang mana minyak enjin lama yang dikitar semula dan dipek seolah-olah minyak tulen.Hati-hati jika anda ditawarkan minyak enjin yang terlalu murah.Pastikan bacaan kelikatan minyak enjin anda adalah sama setiap kali anda menukar minyak enjin.Walaupun jenama sama tetapi bacaan kelikatan adalah berlainan.Istilah mekanik “minyak tebal dan minyak nipis”.Sila lihat di botol minyak enjin ada nombor seperti (contoh: 10W-40 ).Elakan menggunakan minyak enjin yang melebihi 10,000 km.Ini boleh membuatkan anda malas hendak periksa minyak enjin anda dan anda mungkin tidak menyedari minyak enjin anda sudah berkurangan atau kering.Jangan amalkan tambah minyak enjin yang terlalu kerap atau banyak.
3) Jangan sesekali bertukar minyak enjin daripada “fully synthetic” kepada “semi synthetic”.Ianya boleh merosakan enjin anda,tetapi boleh daripada “semi synthetic”.kepada “fully synthetic” tetapi bila dah gunakan “fully synthetic” jangan pulak kembali kepada “ semi synthetic”.
4) Sebelum mematikan kenderaan anda off kan semua suis,penghawa dingin,radio,lampu atau system audio lain.Selepas off semua suis biarkan 3-5 saat,kemudian baru matikan enjin.
5) Air hendaklah sentiasa diperiksa ,kerana air memainkan fungsi yang cukup penting dalam memastikan fungsi enjin berjalan dengan sempurna.Elakan menggunakan air paip kerana ianya boleh menyebabkan keladak dalam radiator.Gunakan air masak atau air yang telah disuling.Jika selama ini anda menggunakan air paip,saya cadangkan anda pergi servis radiator anda dan selepas itu gunakan air suling.Jika anda bertanya kepada mekanik mereka akan jawab tiada masalah guna air paip,kerana mereka hendak kereta kita rosak dan mereka ada bisnes.(bukan semua mekanik begitu,siapa yang saya maksudkan anda faham-faham sendiri lah)
6) Semasa parkir (parking) kenderaan anda pastikan tayar dan stereng kenderaan anda dalam keadaan lurus.Jangan sesekali parkir dalam keadaan tayar ke kanan atau kiri.Ini boleh menyebabkan “drive shaft” anda cepat rosak.
7) Penjagaan penghawa dingin.Anda boleh on “power” semaksimum yang mungkin (contoh 1,2,3,4) tetapi jangan on temperature semaksimum nya. Temperature hanya boleh digunakan sehingga 80 % sahaja.Pastikan suis penghawa dingin ditutup semasa hendak memati atau menghidupkan kenderaan.
8) Sewaktu hendak menutup “hood” depan atau “bonet” kereta anda pastikan tangan anda dalam keadaan “center” sewaktu menekannya.Jangan sesekali berat ke kanan atau ke kiri.Ini boleh menyebabkan “hood & bonet” anda menjadi tidak sama atau bengkok.
9) Sediakan sebuah buku kecil dalam kereta anda untuk anda merekodkan sebarang pertukaran alat ganti yang lepas dan akan datang atau rekod penyelengaraan kereta anda.Pastikan mekanik anda adalah mekanik yang mahir dalam penyelengraan model kenderaan tesebut.Amalkan guna mekanik yang sama sahaja kerana dia tahu dan mahir mengendalikan kereta anda dan dia tahu penyakit kereta anda yang lepas-lepas.Lebih tepat lagi dipanggil istilah “satu tangan pomen sahaja ”.Gunakan minyak petrol yang sama sahaja,jangan terlalu kerap menukar jenama Petrol
10) Yang paling afdal adalah catit di satu kertas kecil dan tampal di cermin depan atas bahagian dlm kereta anda” Bismilahirahmanirahim ,selawat 3 kali ,ya ALLAH ya tuhanku selamatkan dan lindungilah diriku,penumpang dan kenderaan ku ini daripada segala kecelakaan ,bala bencana,mala petaka,kerosakan dan perkara-perkara yang tidak diingini.Amin rabil alamin”
Sekian setakat ini dahulu catitan untuk hari ini.Sehingga berjumpa lagi dan marilah kita berdoa agar semua Kerajaan – Kerajaaan Negeri dan Pusat serta seluruh rakyat Malaysia bertukar atau kekal dengan Produk Proton,termasuk Kerajaan Trengganu agar mereka menjual kereta Merchedes yang dibeli baru-baru ini dan bertukar kembali kepada Proton Perdana V6.Sama-samalah kita memajukan Produk kita walaupun ada sedikit cacat cela.
Senang saja perumpamaan yang Zemi hendak beri.
ANAK KITA SENDIRI ADALAH SEORANG ANAK YANG CACAT DAN KURANG CERDIK.ANAK ORANG LAIN ADALAH BUDAK YANG CANTIK DAN PINTAR.ADAKAH PATUT KITA BUANG ANAK SENDIRI DAN HINA DIA KEMUDIAN KITA AMBIL ANAK ORANG LAIN UNTUK DIPELIHARA ? WALAU BAGAIMANA CACAT DAN BODOH SEKALIPUN DIA TETAP ANAK KITA,MAKA KITA HARUS MENJAGANYA.SIAPA LAGI YANG BOLEH MENJAGANYA SELAIN DARIPADA IBU BAPA ATAU ADIK-BERADIK SENDIRI-Fikir-fikir kan lah !!!
HUJAN EMAS DI NEGERI ORANG,HUJAN BATU DI NEGERI SENDIRI”.Fikir-fikirkanlah !!!
Posted by Zemi TKO at 6:05 PM
Sumber: http://zemi-tko.blogspot.com/2008/12/mukadimah-memandangkan-sekarang-terlalu.html
PETUA PENGJAGAAN KERETA AUTO TRANSMISIONS
A) MUKADIMAH
Memandangkan sekarang terlalu ramai sangat orang mempertikai kotak gear/gear box atau nama sebenarnya “Auto Transmision” (AT) kereta Proton Perdana V6.Zemi pun naik pelik bagaimana kos penyelenggaraan mereka boleh mencecah RM 30,000 setahun.Zemi ada pengalaman menggunakan kereta Perdana V6 selama tiga tahun lebih (2002-2005) sebelum bertukar kepada Naza Ria .Atas tuntutan kerja yang memerlukan kenderaan lebih besar yang menyebabkan Zemi bertukar kepada MPV.Pada masa Zemi jual kereta Perdana V6 “milleage” nya adalah 300,000 ++ km.Tidak pernah ada masalah kotak gear,kecuali masalah-masalah kecil seperti suis “power window” dan kaca tingkap ditembusi angin di bahagian tepi.Semasa Zemi hendak membeli Naza Ria ada beberapa teman yang menasihati Zemi supaya jangan beli kerana Naza Ria ada masalah kotak gear.Zemi ketepi kan semua nasihat kawan-kawan.Sampai sekarang Naza Ria Zemi masih belum menghadapi masalah kotak gear.”Milleage” dah mencecah 400,620 km.
Sebagai seorang bekas pekerja Proton di Shah Alam selama tiga tahun (1995-1997),Zemi rasa adalah menjadi tanggungjawab Zemi untuk mempertahankan bekas Majikan Zemi dan juga produk keluaran Negara sendiri.Sebenarnya Zemi banyak “makan budi” Proton.Banyak pengalaman berharga yang dapat dikutip semasa di Proton.Malah Zemi boleh katakan kejayaan Zemi pada hari ini adalah sumber inspirasi daripada pengalaman bekerja di Proton.Mereka adalah Majikan yang bertanggungjawab dan menjaga kebajikan Pekerja.Malah jika ada Pekerja yang meninggal dunia diluar waktu kerja sekalipun mereka akan tanggung segala kos sehingga ke lubang kubur.Siap beri duit untuk tahlil lagi.Dan pelbagai lagi kemudahan lain yang diberikan oleh Proton kepada pekerja-pekerja mereka.Jangan hanya kerana kualiti yang ada sedikit kelemahan kita hentam keseluruhan Proton.Fikirkan sama sumbangan serta jasa Proton kepada Ekonomi Negara dan peluang-peluang pekerjaan kepada rakyat.Satu ketika dulu boleh dikatakan pekerja-pekerja Proton adalah pekerja yang mewah.
Zemi akui ada juga kelemahan kepada kereta-kereta keluaran Proton,tapi tidaklah seteruk seperti yang diperkatakan sekarang.Kita masih baru dalam dunia Automotif walaupun dah berusia dua puluh empat tahun,jika hendak dibandingkan dengan jenama-jenama Jepun atau Eropah yang sudah berpuluh-puluh tahun bertapak dalam dunia Automotif.Untuk rekod Kia Motor Korea pernah gulung tikar dahulu sebelum melonjak kembali sekarang.Hyundai,Daewoo dah pun gulung tikar dan diambil alih oleh Kia sekarang.Ford pulak nyawa-nyawa ikan sekarang.Adakah kita sebagai rakyat Malaysia mahu ini terjadi kepada Proton ? Syukur kepada tuhan walaupun kualiti teruk dipertikai tetapi Proton masih boleh bertahan sehingga kini dan dapat memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada beribu-ribu orang rakyat Malaysia.Zemi akui akan ada yang berkata “boleh lah Proton hidup kerana mendapat bantuan Kerajaan”.Kita tetap kena bersyukur kerana Kerajaan kita masih boleh membantu Proton tanpa berhutang daripada mana-mana pihak.Kalau Kerajaan kita tidak bertanggungjawab sudah lama mereka jual Proton kepada Syarikat luar atau tutup sahaja Proton.Tak perlu nak pening-pening kan kepala dengan Proton lagi.Berebut Syarikat-Syarikat asing yang hendak membeli Proton.Buka saja mulut pasti berduyun-duyun datang mahu membeli Proton.Tetapi oleh kerana Kerajaan kita sebuah Kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab maka mereka tetap pertahankan Proton,demi imej Negara dan mengelakan ianya jauh kepada tangan pihak asing.
Untuk pengetahuan pembaca majoriti pekerja Proton adalah orang Kelantan,Kedah dan Perak.Zemi boleh katakan tujuh puluh peratus pekerja Proton ini adalah penyokong Pas.Malah info yang Zemi dapat daripada kawan-kawan Zemi yang masih bersama Proton sekarang,bukan saja penyokong Pas,penyokong PKR juga semakin ramai di dalam Proton sekarang.Ini menunjukan Proton dikuasai oleh penyokong-penyokong Parti Pembangkang.Kalau kualiti Proton teruk maka pekerja-pekerja Proton yang menyokong Pembangkang inilah yang harus dipertikai.Untuk pengetahuan pembaca setahu Zemi sindrom politik kepartian terlalu kuat di dalam kilang Proton.Mereka banyak membuang masa berpolitik daripada memberi tumpuan kepada kerja dan memberi idea-idea yang bernas kepada Majikan mereka.Dalam kepala mereka telah tersemat “peduli apa aku dengan kualiti bukan kereta aku nak pakai ,janji aku kerja, boleh buat OT cukup bulan dapat gaji”.Setakat ini dulu,cuba pembaca fikir sendiri betul tak apa yang Zemi kata kan ini betul tak (yang di bold kan)
Pada Zemi apa kereta sekalipun yang kita gunakan,jika kita tidak mengamalkan cara pemanduan dan penyelengaraan yang betul ianya tetap akan “JAHANAM”.Ditambah pula jika kereta tersebut adalah kereta AT.Kebanyakan kereta AT akan cepat menghadapi masalah kotak gear berbanding kereta MT (manual transmission)
B) PETUA
Berikut Zemi perturunkan beberapa petua menjaga kotak gear kereta AT:-
1) Kebiasaannya kereta AT ada enam “step” gear.Bermula dengan P , R , N , D , 2 , L (bergantung kepada model kenderaan) kebiasaanya tiga step di bawah N nombornya berlainan tetapi fungsi tetap sama.Sewaktu hendak menghidupkan enjin selepas dimatikan lebih enam jam,on suis dahulu (jgn hidupkan) pastikan semua lampu panduan di meter menyala.Kemudian gerakan gear setiap step bermula daripada paling atas hingga ke paling bawah .Setiap step perlu berhenti 2 saat.Kemudian daripada paling bawah naik kan ke N, (pastikan brek tangan ditarik sekuat-kuatnya) dan hidupkan enjin.Biarkan gear di N sahaja sehingga anda menggerakan kenderaan .Biarkan selama 5 minit,jika 6 jam dan 10 minit jika 7 jam keatas.Bergantung kepada suhu meter ,pastikan meter suhu naik 25 % sebelum memulakan perjalanan.Tujuannya untuk memastikan semua pintu gear terbuka dan mengelakan karat berlaku di pintu-pintu gear yang jarang digunakan.Kebiasaanya pemandu akan menggunakan step D sahaja,manakala step-step lain jarang digunakan atau tak digunakan langsung. AWAS !!! Petua ini tidak sesuai dilakukan di kawasan berbukit,pastikan di tempat yang rata sahaja.
2) Minyak AT dan AT Filter hendaklah ditukarkan setiap 30,000 km atau 6 bulan(yang mana dulu).Ini amat penting dilakukan mengikut jadual.Sebenarnya kalau nak diikutkan AT filter perlu ditukar apabila 2 kali tukar minyak AT.Tetapi lebih baik ditukar setiap kali anda menukar minyak AT,kerana mekanik akan buka semua takung minyak AT (bergantung kpd model kenderaan)dan bersihkan sebersih-bersihnya.Elakan tukar minyak AT tanpa membuka takung minyak AT.Ini kerana hendak mengelak adanya bendasing atau air dalam takung minyak AT.Jika dibiarkan terlalu lama ianya boleh memudaratkan kotak gear.Pastikan minyak AT dan filter yang digunakan TULIN dan ianya menepati spesifikasi kenderaan anda.Elakan mengguna barang tiruan kerana ia memberi kesan yang tidak bagus untuk jangkamasa panjang (harga murah,tetapi selepas3-4 tahun lagi anda merana)
3) Pastikan kaki anda tidak menekan brek dan gear berada di kedudukan D semasa berhenti di lampu isyarat ,dimana-mana sahaja atau dalam kesesakan lalulintas yang teruk.Pastikan diletak di N sahaja.Jangan di P ,ini kerana boleh menyebabkan anda lambat memulakan perjalanan dan boleh menyebabkan orang di belakang anda marah.Sebab itu step N dan D diletak berdekatan dan tak memerlukan anda menekan butang “lock” antara gear untuk bergerak (butang tepi batang gear bersama butang OD).Jika anda mengamalkan budaya kereta dalam gear dan tekan brek, boleh menyebabkan “clutch plate” cepat habis atau terbakar.Jangan sangka kan kereta AT tiada “clutch plate”.Ianya ada berbelas belas keping (bergantung kpd model kenderaan).Satu rosak anda kena tukar kesemua “clutch plate”.Tiada penjualan sekeping-sekeping di kedai alatganti.Harganya amat mahal sekali (bergantung kepada model kenderaan).Tidak silap saya untuk model Wira pun RM 500++.
4) Sewaktu hendak memulakan perjalanan ,selepas anda berhenti dimana-mana sekalipun , mulakan dgn step 2 atau step ke dua selepas N.Selepas bacaan meter RPM mencecah 2000-2500 tukar kembali kepada D atau satu step dibawah N.Amalkan begini juga di dalam kesesakan lalulintas.Ini dapat menjimatkan minyak anda dan memberi lebih kuasa kepada kereta anda sewaktu hendak mula bergerak.Step 2 umpama anda bermula dengan gear 1 untuk kereta manual.Step D pula ibarat gear 2 atau 3 bagi kereta manual.Maknanya jika anda memulakan dengan 2 step kereta anda dapat bergerak dengan “sukarela dan penuh semangat” bukan nya dalam keadaan “terpaksa” jika bermula dengan step D.Bila kereta anda mulakan pergerakan dalam keadaan “terpaksa” lama kelamaan ianya akan memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada kotak gear dan enjin.
5) Elakan melalui jalan yang ada air bertakung terlalu tinggi atau meredah banjir.Jika terpaksa melalui juga pastikan dalam keadaan lancar atau “satu nafas” sahaja.Jangan sesekali berhenti dalam air bertakung yang tinggi yang boleh terkena bahagian bawah enjin.Ini boleh menyebabkan pintu kotak gear anda dimasuki air dan seterusnya boleh menyebabkan minyak AT anda bercampur dengan air.Ianya juga boleh menyebabkan “clutch plate” anda terbakar.Jika anda terpaksa juga melalui jalan yang banjir (maklumlah di lembah klang ni faham-faham sendiri lah) selepas itu pastikan anda berjumpa dengan mekanik anda untuk memastikan minyak AT tidak bercampur dengan air.
6) Elakan daripada selalu mendaki bukit-bukit yang tinggi terlalu kerap (contoh:Genting Highland).
7) Pastikan step-step gear yang ada digunakan dengan baik sewaktu menaiki bukit,sesuai dengan bacaan RPM kereta anda.Jangan paksa kereta anda mendaki bukit menggunakan step D.Gunakan sepenuhnya dua step lagi yang ada dibawah step D,sesuai dengan ketinggian bukit tersebut atau bacaan RPM anda.
8) Elakan “reversed” kereta anda dalam keadaan laju,jarak yang jauh atau terlalu kerap sangat.Gunakan gear “reversed” anda seminimum yang boleh.Penggunaan gear “reversed” yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkan kotak gear anda cepat rosak.
9) Jangan guna “over drive” atau OD dalam pemanduan biasa.Gunakan semasa hendak memotong kenderaan di hadapan anda dalam keadaan perlu sahaja.
10) Jangan terlalu agresif sewaktu hendak memulakan perjalanan kenderaan anda.Mula kan dengan perlahan-perlahan dan tambah kelajuan berperingkat-peringkat.Jika anda mula dengan agresif bukan sahaja memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada kotak gear malah juga dapat memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada “timing belt”.Inilah salah satu punca “timing belt” putus sebelum sampai waktu penukaran yang akan datang.
C) TAMBAHAN (AT / MT)
1) Untuk memastikan enjin kenderaan anda sekarang masih baik atau tidak.Hidupkan enjin kenderaan anda waktu pagi dan biarkan selama 10 minit,kemudian lihat di bahagian ekzos ada atau tidak air minitis keluar dari lubang ekzos. Boleh juga ambil sehelai kertas putih yang kosong letakan di muncung ekzos anda kemudian tengok ada tak percikan air di kertas tersebut. . Jika ada air menitis atau ada percikan air di kertas putih tadi maknanya enjin kenderaan anda masih dalam keadaan “sihat walafiat”.Jika tidak maknanya enjin kenderaan anda ada sedikit “keuzuran”.
2) Pastikan minyak enjin dan oil filter yang anda gunakan adalah minyak yang sama sepanjang masa dan pastikan ianya yang tulin.Banyak minyak enjin palsu di pasaran sekarang yang mana minyak enjin lama yang dikitar semula dan dipek seolah-olah minyak tulen.Hati-hati jika anda ditawarkan minyak enjin yang terlalu murah.Pastikan bacaan kelikatan minyak enjin anda adalah sama setiap kali anda menukar minyak enjin.Walaupun jenama sama tetapi bacaan kelikatan adalah berlainan.Istilah mekanik “minyak tebal dan minyak nipis”.Sila lihat di botol minyak enjin ada nombor seperti (contoh: 10W-40 ).Elakan menggunakan minyak enjin yang melebihi 10,000 km.Ini boleh membuatkan anda malas hendak periksa minyak enjin anda dan anda mungkin tidak menyedari minyak enjin anda sudah berkurangan atau kering.Jangan amalkan tambah minyak enjin yang terlalu kerap atau banyak.
3) Jangan sesekali bertukar minyak enjin daripada “fully synthetic” kepada “semi synthetic”.Ianya boleh merosakan enjin anda,tetapi boleh daripada “semi synthetic”.kepada “fully synthetic” tetapi bila dah gunakan “fully synthetic” jangan pulak kembali kepada “ semi synthetic”.
4) Sebelum mematikan kenderaan anda off kan semua suis,penghawa dingin,radio,lampu atau system audio lain.Selepas off semua suis biarkan 3-5 saat,kemudian baru matikan enjin.
5) Air hendaklah sentiasa diperiksa ,kerana air memainkan fungsi yang cukup penting dalam memastikan fungsi enjin berjalan dengan sempurna.Elakan menggunakan air paip kerana ianya boleh menyebabkan keladak dalam radiator.Gunakan air masak atau air yang telah disuling.Jika selama ini anda menggunakan air paip,saya cadangkan anda pergi servis radiator anda dan selepas itu gunakan air suling.Jika anda bertanya kepada mekanik mereka akan jawab tiada masalah guna air paip,kerana mereka hendak kereta kita rosak dan mereka ada bisnes.(bukan semua mekanik begitu,siapa yang saya maksudkan anda faham-faham sendiri lah)
6) Semasa parkir (parking) kenderaan anda pastikan tayar dan stereng kenderaan anda dalam keadaan lurus.Jangan sesekali parkir dalam keadaan tayar ke kanan atau kiri.Ini boleh menyebabkan “drive shaft” anda cepat rosak.
7) Penjagaan penghawa dingin.Anda boleh on “power” semaksimum yang mungkin (contoh 1,2,3,4) tetapi jangan on temperature semaksimum nya. Temperature hanya boleh digunakan sehingga 80 % sahaja.Pastikan suis penghawa dingin ditutup semasa hendak memati atau menghidupkan kenderaan.
8) Sewaktu hendak menutup “hood” depan atau “bonet” kereta anda pastikan tangan anda dalam keadaan “center” sewaktu menekannya.Jangan sesekali berat ke kanan atau ke kiri.Ini boleh menyebabkan “hood & bonet” anda menjadi tidak sama atau bengkok.
9) Sediakan sebuah buku kecil dalam kereta anda untuk anda merekodkan sebarang pertukaran alat ganti yang lepas dan akan datang atau rekod penyelengaraan kereta anda.Pastikan mekanik anda adalah mekanik yang mahir dalam penyelengraan model kenderaan tesebut.Amalkan guna mekanik yang sama sahaja kerana dia tahu dan mahir mengendalikan kereta anda dan dia tahu penyakit kereta anda yang lepas-lepas.Lebih tepat lagi dipanggil istilah “satu tangan pomen sahaja ”.Gunakan minyak petrol yang sama sahaja,jangan terlalu kerap menukar jenama Petrol
10) Yang paling afdal adalah catit di satu kertas kecil dan tampal di cermin depan atas bahagian dlm kereta anda” Bismilahirahmanirahim ,selawat 3 kali ,ya ALLAH ya tuhanku selamatkan dan lindungilah diriku,penumpang dan kenderaan ku ini daripada segala kecelakaan ,bala bencana,mala petaka,kerosakan dan perkara-perkara yang tidak diingini.Amin rabil alamin”
Sekian setakat ini dahulu catitan untuk hari ini.Sehingga berjumpa lagi dan marilah kita berdoa agar semua Kerajaan – Kerajaaan Negeri dan Pusat serta seluruh rakyat Malaysia bertukar atau kekal dengan Produk Proton,termasuk Kerajaan Trengganu agar mereka menjual kereta Merchedes yang dibeli baru-baru ini dan bertukar kembali kepada Proton Perdana V6.Sama-samalah kita memajukan Produk kita walaupun ada sedikit cacat cela.
Senang saja perumpamaan yang Zemi hendak beri.
ANAK KITA SENDIRI ADALAH SEORANG ANAK YANG CACAT DAN KURANG CERDIK.ANAK ORANG LAIN ADALAH BUDAK YANG CANTIK DAN PINTAR.ADAKAH PATUT KITA BUANG ANAK SENDIRI DAN HINA DIA KEMUDIAN KITA AMBIL ANAK ORANG LAIN UNTUK DIPELIHARA ? WALAU BAGAIMANA CACAT DAN BODOH SEKALIPUN DIA TETAP ANAK KITA,MAKA KITA HARUS MENJAGANYA.SIAPA LAGI YANG BOLEH MENJAGANYA SELAIN DARIPADA IBU BAPA ATAU ADIK-BERADIK SENDIRI-Fikir-fikir kan lah !!!
HUJAN EMAS DI NEGERI ORANG,HUJAN BATU DI NEGERI SENDIRI”.Fikir-fikirkanlah !!!
Posted by Zemi TKO at 6:05 PM
Sumber: http://zemi-tko.blogspot.com/2008/12/mukadimah-memandangkan-sekarang-terlalu.html
Friday, 5 December 2008
Oil Prices Below USD 43
Oil prices have fallen more than 2 dollars to the lowest levels for almost four years due to growing concern about demand in the US.
Brent North Sea crude for delivery in January fell below 43 dollars to 42.90 dollars a barrel in late European trading -- the lowest level since February 2005.
Later on London's InterContinental Exchange (ICE), Brent recovered slightly to stand at 43.11 dollars, down 2.33 dollars from Wednesday.
Light sweet crude for January sank below 45 dollars to 4.25 dollars per barrel -- last seen in January 2005 -- on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The contract later stood at 44.61, down 2.18 dollars .
Sharp interest rate cuts from four central banks in Europe, including the European Central Bank and Bank of England, aimed at stimulating economic growth failed to improve sentiment, dealers said.
Oil prices are more than 100 dollars below their record highs of above 147 dollars reached in July, when fears of supply disruptions had sent them rocketing.
SG/HAR
Source:
Thu, 04 Dec 2008 22:16:26 GMT
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=77471§ionid=3510213
Brent North Sea crude for delivery in January fell below 43 dollars to 42.90 dollars a barrel in late European trading -- the lowest level since February 2005.
Later on London's InterContinental Exchange (ICE), Brent recovered slightly to stand at 43.11 dollars, down 2.33 dollars from Wednesday.
Light sweet crude for January sank below 45 dollars to 4.25 dollars per barrel -- last seen in January 2005 -- on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The contract later stood at 44.61, down 2.18 dollars .
Sharp interest rate cuts from four central banks in Europe, including the European Central Bank and Bank of England, aimed at stimulating economic growth failed to improve sentiment, dealers said.
Oil prices are more than 100 dollars below their record highs of above 147 dollars reached in July, when fears of supply disruptions had sent them rocketing.
SG/HAR
Source:
Thu, 04 Dec 2008 22:16:26 GMT
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=77471§ionid=3510213
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